Linn Energy, LLC 10-K
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
þ Annual Report Pursuant
to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005
OR
o Transition Report
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934
for the transition period
from to
Commission file number: 000-51719
LINN ENERGY, LLC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware |
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65-1177591 |
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(State of organization)
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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650 Washington Road
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8th Floor
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Pittsburgh, PA
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15228 |
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(Address of principal executive offices) |
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(Zip Code) |
(412) 440-1400
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Act:
Title of Class
Units Representing Limited Liability Company Interests
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known
seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities
Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file
reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
Exchange
Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether registrant (1) has filed all
reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of
Regulation S-K is
not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of
registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any
amendment to this
Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated
filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large
accelerated filer in
Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (check one):
Large accelerated
filer o Accelerated
filer o Non-accelerated
filer þ
Indicate by check-mark whether the registrant is a shell company
(as defined in
Rule 12b-2 of the
Act). Yes o No þ
The aggregate market value of our voting and non-voting common
equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was
approximately $261.0 million on May 8, 2006 based on
$20.00 per unit, the last reported sales price of the units
on The Nasdaq National Market on such date. As of May 8,
2006, there were 27,832,500 units outstanding.
Documents Incorporated By Reference: None
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
PART I
As commonly used in the natural gas and oil industry and as used
in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K, the
following terms have the following meanings:
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Bbl. One stock tank barrel or 42 U.S. gallons liquid
volume.
Bcf. One billion cubic feet.
Bcfe. One billion cubic feet equivalent, determined using
a ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one Bbl of crude oil,
condensate or natural gas liquids.
Btu. One British thermal unit, which is the heat required
to raise the temperature of a one-pound mass of water from 58.5
to 59.5 degrees Fahrenheit.
Development well. A well drilled within the proved area
of a natural gas or oil reservoir to the depth of a
stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.
Dth. One decatherm, equivalent to one million British
thermal units.
Developed acres. Acres spaced or assigned to productive
wells.
Dry hole or well. A well found to be incapable of
producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that
proceeds from the sale of such production would exceed
production expenses and taxes.
Field. An area consisting of a single reservoir or
multiple reservoirs all grouped on or related to the same
individual geological structural feature and/or stratigraphic
condition.
Gross acres or gross wells. The total acres or
wells, as the case may be, in which a working interest is owned.
MBbls. One thousand barrels of crude oil or other liquid
hydrocarbons.
Mcf. One thousand cubic feet.
Mcfe. One thousand cubic feet equivalent, determined
using the ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one Bbl of crude
oil, condensate or natural gas liquids.
MMBbls. One million barrels of crude oil or other liquid
hydrocarbons.
MMBtu. One million British thermal units.
MMcf. One million cubic feet.
MMcfe. One million cubic feet equivalent, determined
using a ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one Bbl of crude oil,
condensate or natural gas liquids.
MMcfe/d. One MMcfe per day.
MMMBtu. One billion British thermal units.
Net acres or net wells. The sum of the fractional
working interests owned in gross acres or gross wells, as the
case may be.
NYMEX. The New York Mercantile Exchange.
Oil. Crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids.
Productive well. A well that is found to be capable of
producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that
proceeds from the sale of such production exceeds production
expenses and taxes.
Proved developed reserves. Reserves that can be expected
to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment
and operating methods. Additional natural gas and oil expected
to be obtained through the application of fluid injection or
other improved recovery techniques for supplementing the natural
forces and
1
mechanisms of primary recovery are included in proved
developed reserves only after testing by a pilot project
or after the operation of an installed program has confirmed
through production response that increased recovery will be
achieved.
Proved reserves. Proved natural gas and oil reserves are
the estimated quantities of natural gas, natural gas liquids and
crude oil which geological and engineering data demonstrate with
reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from
known reservoirs under existing economic and operating
conditions, i.e., prices and costs as of the date the
estimate is made. Prices include consideration of changes in
existing prices provided only by contractual arrangements, but
not on escalations based on future conditions.
Proved undeveloped drilling location. A site on which a
development well can be drilled consistent with spacing rules
for purposes of recovering proved undeveloped reserves.
Proved undeveloped reserves or PUDs. Reserves that
are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage
or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is
required for recompletion. Reserves on undrilled acreage are
limited to those drilling units offsetting productive units that
are reasonably certain of production when drilled. Proved
reserves for other undrilled units are claimed only where it can
be demonstrated with certainty that there is continuity of
production from the existing productive formation. Estimates for
proved undeveloped reserves are not attributed to any acreage
for which an application of fluid injection or other improved
recovery technique is contemplated, unless such techniques have
been proved effective by actual tests in the area and in the
same reservoir.
Recompletion. The completion for production of an
existing wellbore in another formation from that which the well
has been previously completed.
Reservoir. A porous and permeable underground formation
containing a natural accumulation of produceable natural gas
and/or oil that is confined by impermeable rock or water
barriers and is individual and separate from other reserves.
Standardized Measure. Standardized Measure is the present
value of estimated future net revenues to be generated from the
production of proved reserves, determined in accordance with the
rules and regulations of the SEC (using prices and costs in
effect as of the date of estimation) without giving effect to
non-property related expenses such as general and administrative
expenses, debt service and future income tax expenses or to
depreciation, depletion and amortization and discounted using an
annual discount rate of 10%. Our Standardized Measure does not
include future income tax expenses because our reserves are
owned by our subsidiary Linn Energy Holdings, LLC, which is not
subject to income taxes.
Successful well. A well capable of producing natural gas
and/or oil in commercial quantities.
Undeveloped acreage. Lease acreage on which wells have
not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit the
production of commercial quantities of natural gas and oil
regardless of whether such acreage contains proved reserves.
Working interest. The operating interest that gives the
owner the right to drill, produce and conduct operating
activities on the property and a share of production.
Workover. Operations on a producing well to restore or
increase production.
2
Restatement Overview
This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2005 reports the consolidated financial
statements of Linn Energy, LLC (the Company) for the
year ended December 31, 2005 and amends and restates the
prior year consolidated financial statements as of
December 31, 2003 and 2004, and for the period
March 14, 2003 (inception) to December 31, 2003,
the year ended December 31, 2004, and the nine months ended
September 30, 2004 and 2005. The restatement also affected
production and operational data as restated and included in
Item 6, Selected Financial Data.
As previously announced in a Current Report on Form 8-K as
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
April 3, 2006, the Company identified that certain aspects
of the Companys accounting for the purchase price of
acquisitions did not properly recognize the acquisition date for
natural gas and oil property acquisitions as required by
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS)
No. 141 Business Combinations. The
Company further evaluated its natural gas and oil accounting for
both acquisitions and operations and identified that corrections
were needed to reflect the purchase accounting as of the
appropriate acquisition date for natural gas and oil property
acquisitions, capitalize certain expenditures for lease
acquisition costs, correct depreciation, depletion and
amortization, and properly report accounts receivables and
general and administrative expenses for fees charged to third
parties.
This non-cash restatement had the following effect on our net
loss:
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Period from | |
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Nine months ended | |
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March 14, 2003 | |
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September 30, | |
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(inception) to | |
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Year ended | |
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December 31, 2003 | |
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December 31, 2004 | |
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2004 | |
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2005 | |
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Net (loss) as previously reported
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$ |
(1,334,700 |
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$ |
(3,977,788 |
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$ |
(8,357,298 |
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$ |
(62,855,997 |
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Adjustments:
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Acquisition date for purchase accounting
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(1,066,229 |
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(1,855,735 |
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(1,457,712 |
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(187,546 |
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Lease acquisition costs
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46,120 |
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367,526 |
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290,928 |
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102,602 |
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Development drilling costs
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128,253 |
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128,253 |
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Depreciation, depletion and amortization
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409,673 |
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92,987 |
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(71,465 |
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(299,055 |
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Operating receivables
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257,131 |
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428,951 |
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183,877 |
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(24,783 |
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Restated net (loss)
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$ |
(1,688,005 |
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$ |
(4,815,806 |
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$ |
(9,283,417 |
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$ |
(63,264,779 |
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This non-cash restatement had the following effect on our
Adjusted EBITDA. Please see Non-GAAP Financial
Measure on page 38.
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Period from | |
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Nine months ended | |
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March 14, 2003 | |
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September 30, | |
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(inception) to | |
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Year ended | |
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December 31, 2003 | |
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December 31, 2004 | |
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2004 | |
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2005 | |
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(In thousands) | |
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Adjusted EBITDA as previously reported
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$ |
1,777 |
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$ |
12,228 |
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$ |
7,981 |
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$ |
10,164 |
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Adjustments:
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Acquisition date for purchase accounting
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(1,066 |
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(1,855 |
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(1,458 |
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(188 |
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Lease acquisition costs
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46 |
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368 |
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291 |
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103 |
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Development drilling costs
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128 |
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128 |
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Operating receivables
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257 |
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429 |
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184 |
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(25 |
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Restated Adjusted EBITDA
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$ |
1,014 |
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$ |
11,298 |
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$ |
7,126 |
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$ |
10,054 |
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We have also determined that control deficiencies related to the
accounting for the Companys natural gas and oil property
acquisitions and certain operational costs represent material
weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as
of December 31, 2005. Please read Item 9A,
Controls and Procedures.
3
History of Corrections
As part of its preparation of the consolidated financial
statements for the year ended December 31, 2005, the
Company undertook a review of its natural gas and oil accounting
and identified the following errors which were incorrectly
accounted for and needed to be corrected.
1. Through December 31, 2005 the Company had completed
nine acquisitions of natural gas properties and related
gathering and pipeline assets. Four of the acquisitions occurred
in 2003, two occurred in 2004 and three occurred in 2005. When
the Company made the acquisitions of natural gas and oil
properties, the stated contractual effective date preceded the
closing or settlement date. Within a short period of time after
settlement, the Company would receive cash or credit for natural
gas and oil produced between the contracted effective date and
the acquisition settlement date, and the Company would pay or
accrue for operational costs within this same period. For
acquisitions occurring in 2003 and 2004, amounts between the
contracted effective date and the date of closing were
previously recognized in the Companys consolidated
statement of operations instead of being recorded as an
adjustment to the purchase price of the related acquisition as
required under SFAS No. 141 Business
Combinations. These changes also resulted in corresponding
changes to depreciation, depletion and amortization.
2. Certain expenditures for lease acquisition costs and
development drilling costs were previously recognized as an
expense instead of being capitalized as required under SFAS
No. 19 Financial Accounting and Reporting by
Oil and Gas Producing Companies.
3. The Company incorrectly recorded the period end accrual
and related intercompany elimination for operating and
administrative services provided.
4. The consolidated statements of cash flows have been
restated for certain changes in current assets and liabilities
that are more accurately reported as investing or financing
activities.
Please see also Note 20 to the Companys consolidated
financial statements in Item 8, Financial Statements
and Supplementary Data and Item 7,
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations. The restatement had
no effect on our reserve data, Standardized Measure, cash and
cash equivalents, or Predecessor Data included in Item 6,
Selected Financial Data, and has no material effect
on the Companys 2006 guidance as previously reported in
the Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K filed
with the SEC on March 7, 2006.
All referenced amounts in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for
prior periods and prior period comparisons reflect the balances
and amounts on a restated basis.
4
Overview
Linn Energy, LLC is an independent natural gas and oil
development and acquisition company. At December 31, 2005,
our reserves were located in the Appalachian Basin, primarily in
West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia. From our
inception in March 2003 through December 31, 2005, we made
nine acquisitions of natural gas properties and related
gathering and pipeline assets for a restated aggregate purchase
price of $201.5 million, with total proved reserves of
160.1 Bcfe, or a restated acquisition cost of
$1.26 per Mcfe. These nine acquisitions included 1,914
producing wells and we have drilled 200 wells since
inception, 100% of which were successful in producing natural
gas in commercial quantities, resulting in a total of
2,114 wells. As part of our business strategy, we
continually evaluate opportunities to acquire additional natural
gas and oil properties which complement our asset profile both
within the Appalachian Basin and elsewhere in the United States.
Our proved reserves at December 31, 2005 were
193.2 Bcfe, of which approximately 99% were natural gas and
65% were classified as proved developed, with a Standardized
Measure of $552.1 million. At December 31, 2005, we
operated 1,922, or 91%, of our 2,114 wells. Our average
proved
reserves-to-production
ratio, or average reserve life, is approximately 29 years
based on our December 31, 2005 reserve report and
annualized production for the quarter ended December 31,
2005. As of December 31, 2005, we had identified 905
drilling locations, of which 373 were proved undeveloped
locations and 532 were other locations, and we had leasehold
interests in 145,686 net acres in the Appalachian Basin.
From inception through December 31, 2005, we added
33.1 Bcfe of proved natural gas and oil reserves through
our drilling activities, at a finding and development cost of
$1.31 per Mcfe, which includes the estimated development
costs for proved undeveloped reserves.
Linn Energy, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company formed in
April 2005, is a holding company that conducts its operations
through, and its operating assets are owned by, its subsidiaries
Linn Energy Holdings, LLC (formed in March 2003 and formerly
known as Linn Energy, L.L.C.), Linn Operating, Inc. (formerly
Linn Operating, LLC), Penn West Pipeline, LLC (formerly
Chipperco, LLC) and Mid Atlantic Well Service, Inc. We own,
directly or indirectly, all of the ownership interests in our
operating subsidiaries. Linn Energy Holdings owns all of our
interests in natural gas and oil properties, all of our
employees are employed by Linn Operating or Mid Atlantic Well
Service, Penn West Pipeline owns and operates our natural gas
gathering assets and Mid Atlantic Well Service conducts our
oilfield service operations.
We completed our initial public offering on January 19,
2006 and our units representing limited liability company
interests (units) are listed for quotation on The
Nasdaq National Market under the symbol LINE.
Unless the context requires otherwise, any reference in this
Annual Report on
Form 10-K to
Linn Energy, we, our,
us, or the Company means Linn Energy,
LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries.
5
Acquisition History
As of December 31, 2005, we had completed nine acquisitions
of natural gas properties and related gathering and pipeline
assets for an aggregate restated purchase price of
$201.5 million, with total proved reserves of
160.1 Bcfe, or a restated acquisition cost of
$1.26 per Mcfe.
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Restated | |
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Purchase | |
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Seller |
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Wells |
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Location |
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Price | |
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(in millions) | |
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May 2003
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Emax Oil Company |
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34 |
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West Virginia |
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$ |
3.2 |
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Aug 2003
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Lenape Resources, Inc. |
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61 |
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New York |
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2.2 |
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Sep 2003
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Cabot Oil & Gas Corporation |
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50 |
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Pennsylvania |
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15.8 |
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Oct 2003
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Waco Oil & Gas Company |
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353 |
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West Virginia and Virginia |
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31.5 |
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May 2004
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Mountain V Oil & Gas, Inc. |
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251 |
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Pennsylvania |
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12.5 |
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Sep 2004
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Pentex Energy, Inc. |
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447 |
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Pennsylvania |
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15.1 |
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Apr 2005
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Columbia Natural Resources, LLC |
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38 |
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West Virginia and Virginia |
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4.4 |
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Aug 2005
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GasSearch Corporation |
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130 |
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West Virginia |
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5.4 |
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Oct 2005
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Exploration Partners, LLC |
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550 |
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West Virginia and Virginia |
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111.4 |
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Total |
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1,914 |
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$ |
201.5 |
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Business Strategy
Our goal is to provide stability and growth in distributions to
our unitholders through continued successful drilling,
acquisitions, increasing production of existing wells and
pursuing operational and administrative efficiencies. The key
elements of our business strategy are:
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Executing low risk, low cost development drilling; |
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Focusing on acquisitions that increase cash available for
distribution; |
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Creating additional value post-acquisition; |
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Maximizing the value and stability of our cash flows through
operating control; and |
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Reducing commodity price risk through derivatives. |
Drilling
Wells in the Appalachian Basin are typically drilled at
relatively low cost due to the shallow drilling depths and the
ability to use air drilling. Most of the drilling rigs are small
pull-down type rigs that can be set up on very small locations
that are typically 60 feet wide and 160 feet long.
These small rigs can be transported to the drilling locations at
relatively low cost. Further, the use of air drilling greatly
reduces the size of any pits for drilling fluids needed on
location.
Most of our wells are relatively shallow, ranging from 2,500 to
5,500 feet, and drill through as many as ten potential
producing zones. Our average well cost for 2005 was $227,000.
Many of our wells are completed to multiple producing zones and
production from these zones may be commingled. In general, our
producing wells have stable production profiles and long-lived
production, often with total projected economic lives in excess
of 50 years. Appalachian wells typically are drilled on
relatively close spacing of between 20 to 40 acres per well
due to the low permeability of the producing formations.
Generally, the distance between wells is less than
1,500 feet and wells are located within 1,000 feet
from the closest pipeline. As a result, most of our wells are
producing and connected to a pipeline within 30 to 60 days
after drilling has commenced. Once drilled and completed,
operating and maintenance requirements for producing wells in
the Appalachian Basin are generally low and only minimal, if
any, capital expenditures are required.
6
During the year ended December 31, 2005, we drilled
110 wells, and since inception we have spent
$43.3 million to drill and complete 200 wells, all of
which are capable of producing natural gas in commercial
quantities, with an average finding and development cost of
$1.31 per Mcfe, which includes the estimated development
costs for proved undeveloped reserves. To carry out our 2006
drilling program, we have contracts in place for four third
party drilling rigs. We also are purchasing two drilling rigs,
at a cost of approximately $2.2 million per rig, which are
anticipated to be delivered in late summer or early fall of
2006. As of December 31, 2005, we had 373 proved
undeveloped drilling locations (specific drilling locations as
to which our independent reserve engineer, Schlumberger Data and
Consulting Services, has assigned proved undeveloped reserves as
of such date) and we had identified 532 additional unproved
drilling locations (specific drilling locations as to which
Schlumberger Data and Consulting Services has not assigned any
proved reserves as of such date but which we have identified as
future drilling locations that we expect to drill based on our
current drilling schedule) on acreage that we have under
existing leases. As successful development wells in the
Appalachian Basin frequently result in the reclassification of
adjacent lease acreage from unproved to proved, we expect that a
significant number of our unproved drilling locations will be
reclassified as proved drilling locations prior to the actual
drilling of these locations.
Appalachian Basin
The Appalachian Basin is one of the countrys oldest
natural gas producing regions characterized by long-lived
reserves and predictable decline rates. During the first several
years of production, wells in the Appalachian Basin generally
experience higher initial production rates and decline rates
which are followed by an extended period of significantly lower
production rates and decline rates. For example, the initial
production rate of our new wells may be as high as 80 to
100 Mcf per day while our average production rate per well
during 2005 was 10.1 Mcf per day. The average well
production in the Appalachian Basin is 10 Mcf per day or
less and decline rates typically range from 2% to 6% per
year.
The Appalachian Basin spans more than seven states in the
largest natural gas consuming region of the United States. The
close proximity to major natural gas consuming markets in the
northeastern United States results in lower transportation costs
to these markets relative to natural gas produced in other
regions, contributing to the premium pricing for Appalachian
production relative to NYMEX.
Reserves in the Appalachian Basin typically have a high degree
of step-out development success; that is, as development
progresses, reserves from newly completed wells are reclassified
from the proved undeveloped to the proved developed category and
additional adjacent locations are added to proved undeveloped
reserves. As a result, the cumulative amount of total proved
reserves tends to increase as development progresses. Wells in
the Appalachian Basin generally produce little or no water,
contributing to a low cost of operation. In addition, most of
our wells produce natural gas of pipeline quality which does not
require further treatment by us before delivery to the receiving
pipeline.
Our activities are concentrated in the Appalachian Basin in
major geologic formations of the Mississippian/ Devonian Sands
and Carbonates in West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania,
and the Oriskany Sands in southwestern Pennsylvania.
Natural Gas Prices
Natural gas produced in the Appalachian Basin typically sells
for a premium to NYMEX natural gas prices due to the proximity
to major consuming markets in the northeastern United States.
For the year ended December 31, 2005, the average premium
over NYMEX for natural gas delivered to our primary delivery
points in the Appalachian Basin on the Columbia Gas Transmission
Corp. Appalachia Pipeline and the Dominion Transmission Inc.
Appalachia Pipeline was $0.40 and $0.43 per Mcf,
respectively. Most of our natural gas production has a high Btu
content, resulting in an additional premium to NYMEX natural gas
prices.
We enter into derivative transactions in the form of hedging
arrangements to reduce the impact of natural gas price
volatility on our cash flow from operations. Currently, we use
fixed price swaps and puts to hedge NYMEX natural gas prices,
which do not include the additional net premium we typically
realize in the Appalachian Basin. By removing the price
volatility from a significant portion of our natural gas
production, we have
7
mitigated, but not eliminated, the potential effects of
fluctuating natural gas prices on our cash flow from operations
for those periods.
The following table summarizes, as of May 17, 2006, and for
the periods indicated, our derivatives presently in place
through December 31, 2009. Currently, we use fixed price
swaps and puts to manage commodity prices. These transactions
are settled based upon the NYMEX price of natural gas at Henry
Hub on the final trading day of the month, and settlement occurs
on the 3rd day of the production month.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Year 2006 | |
|
Year 2007 | |
|
Year 2008 | |
|
Year 2009 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Fixed Price Swaps:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hedged Volume (MMMBtu)
|
|
|
7,412 |
|
|
|
7,168 |
|
|
|
8,464 |
|
|
|
6,205 |
|
| |
Average Price ($/ MMBtu)
|
|
$ |
9.26 |
|
|
$ |
8.64 |
|
|
$ |
8.23 |
|
|
$ |
7.56 |
|
|
Puts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hedged Volume (MMMBtu)
|
|
|
730 |
|
|
|
2,336 |
|
|
|
2,013 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Average Price ($/ MMBtu)
|
|
$ |
8.83 |
|
|
$ |
9.11 |
|
|
$ |
9.50 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
Total:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hedged Volume (MMMBtu)
|
|
|
8,142 |
|
|
|
9,504 |
|
|
|
10,477 |
|
|
|
6,205 |
|
| |
Average Price ($/ MMBtu)
|
|
$ |
9.22 |
|
|
$ |
8.75 |
|
|
$ |
8.47 |
|
|
$ |
7.56 |
|
Natural Gas and Oil Data
The following table presents our estimated net proved natural
gas and oil reserves and the present value of our estimated
proved reserves at December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, based
on reserve reports prepared by Schlumberger Data and Consulting
Services. The Standardized Measure values shown in the table are
not intended to represent the market value of our estimated
natural gas and oil reserves at such dates.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
As of December 31, | |
| |
|
| |
| |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Reserve Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated net proved reserves:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Natural gas (Bcf)
|
|
|
68.9 |
|
|
|
118.9 |
|
|
|
191.9 |
|
| |
Oil (MMBbls)
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
| |
|
Total (Bcfe)
|
|
|
69.8 |
|
|
|
119.8 |
|
|
|
193.2 |
|
|
Proved developed (Bcfe)
|
|
|
41.8 |
|
|
|
74.4 |
|
|
|
125.2 |
|
|
Proved undeveloped (Bcfe)
|
|
|
28.0 |
|
|
|
45.4 |
|
|
|
68.0 |
|
|
Proved developed reserves as % of total proved reserves
|
|
|
59.9 |
% |
|
|
62.1 |
% |
|
|
64.8 |
% |
|
Standardized Measure (in millions)(1)
|
|
$ |
126.3 |
|
|
$ |
215.0 |
|
|
$ |
552.1 |
|
|
Representative Natural Gas and Oil Prices:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Natural gas NYMEX Henry Hub per MMBtu
|
|
$ |
5.97 |
|
|
$ |
6.18 |
|
|
$ |
10.08 |
|
| |
Oil NYMEX WTI per Bbl
|
|
|
32.76 |
|
|
|
43.36 |
|
|
|
57.98 |
|
|
|
| (1) |
Does not give effect to derivative transactions. For a
description of our derivative transactions, please read
Item 7, Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations Cash
Flow from Operations in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. |
The data in the above table represents estimates only. Natural
gas and oil reserve engineering is inherently a subjective
process of estimating underground accumulations of natural gas
and oil that cannot be measured exactly. The accuracy of any
reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data
and engineering and geological interpretation and judgment.
Accordingly, reserve estimates may vary from the quantities of
natural gas and oil that are ultimately recovered.
Future prices received for production may vary, perhaps
significantly, from the prices assumed for purposes of our
estimate of Standardized Measure. The Standardized Measure shown
should not be construed as the
8
market value of the reserves at the dates shown. The 10%
discount factor used to calculate Standardized Measure, which is
required by Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) pronouncements, is not necessarily the most
appropriate discount rate. The Standardized Measure, no matter
what discount rate is used, is materially affected by
assumptions as to timing of future production, which may prove
to be inaccurate.
|
|
|
Production and Price History |
The following table sets forth information regarding net
production of natural gas and oil and certain price and cost
information for each of the periods indicated:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
March 14, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
(inception) | |
|
Year Ended | |
| |
|
through | |
|
December 31, | |
| |
|
December 31, | |
|
| |
| |
|
2003(1) | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Net Production:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total production (MMcfe)
|
|
|
492 |
|
|
|
3,112 |
|
|
|
4,839 |
|
| |
Average daily production (Mcfe/d)
|
|
|
2,299 |
|
|
|
8,526 |
|
|
|
13,258 |
|
|
Average Sales Prices:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Weighted average realized natural gas price (Mcf)
|
|
$ |
5.26 |
|
|
$ |
5.73 |
|
|
$ |
6.92 |
|
| |
Weighted average realized price (Mcfe)
|
|
|
5.25 |
|
|
|
5.74 |
|
|
|
6.97 |
|
|
Average Unit Costs per Mcfe:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Operating expenses
|
|
$ |
1.62 |
|
|
$ |
1.53 |
|
|
$ |
1.52 |
|
| |
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
1.59 |
|
|
|
0.48 |
|
|
|
0.69 |
|
| |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
|
|
|
1.14 |
|
|
|
1.17 |
|
|
|
1.51 |
|
|
|
| (1) |
In the period ended December 31, 2003, production commenced
on May 30, 2003 following the purchase of natural gas
properties from Emax Oil Company. |
The following table sets forth information relating to the
productive wells in which we owned a working interest as of
December 31, 2005. Productive wells consist of producing
wells and wells capable of production, including natural gas
wells awaiting pipeline connections to commence deliveries.
Gross wells are the total number of producing wells in which we
have an interest, and net wells are the sum of our fractional
working interests owned in gross wells.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Natural Gas | |
| |
|
Wells | |
| |
|
| |
| |
|
Gross | |
|
Net | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Operated
|
|
|
1,922 |
|
|
|
1,518 |
|
|
Non-operated
|
|
|
192 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
2,114 |
|
|
|
1,574 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
Developed and Undeveloped Acreage |
The following table sets forth information as of
December 31, 2005 relating to our leasehold acreage.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Undeveloped | |
|
|
| |
|
Developed Acreage | |
|
Acreage | |
|
Total Acreage | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
Gross | |
|
Net | |
|
Gross | |
|
Net | |
|
Gross | |
|
Net | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Operated
|
|
|
92,783 |
|
|
|
92,578 |
|
|
|
39,175 |
|
|
|
37,358 |
|
|
|
131,958 |
|
|
|
129,936 |
|
|
Non-operated
|
|
|
96,500 |
|
|
|
15,750 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
96,500 |
|
|
|
15,750 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
189,283 |
|
|
|
108,328 |
|
|
|
39,175 |
|
|
|
37,358 |
|
|
|
228,458 |
|
|
|
145,686 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We intend to concentrate our drilling activity on lower risk,
development properties. The number and types of wells we drill
will vary depending on the amount of funds we have available for
drilling, the cost of each well, the size of the fractional
working interests we acquire in each well and the estimated
recoverable reserves attributable to each well.
The following table sets forth information with respect to wells
completed during the years ended December 31, 2004 and
2005. We did not conduct any drilling operations in the period
from March 14, 2003 (inception) through
December 31, 2003. The information should not be considered
indicative of future performance, nor should it be assumed that
there is necessarily any correlation between the number of
productive wells drilled, quantities of reserves found or
economic value. Productive wells are those that produce
commercial quantities of natural gas, regardless of whether they
generate a reasonable rate of return.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Year Ended | |
| |
|
December 31, | |
| |
|
| |
| |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Gross wells:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Productive
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
110 |
|
| |
Dry
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
110 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Development wells:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Productive
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
105 |
|
| |
Dry
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
105 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Exploratory wells:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Productive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Dry
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural Gas Gathering Activities
We own and operate an extensive network of natural gas gathering
systems comprised of approximately 800 miles of pipeline
and associated compression and metering facilities which connect
to numerous sales outlets on eight interstate and eight
intrastate pipelines, which allows us to more efficiently
transport our gas to market. The interstate market outlets are
Dominion Transmission Inc. (West Virginia and Pennsylvania),
Columbia Gas Transmission Corp. (West Virginia and
Pennsylvania), Cranberry Pipeline (West Virginia), Texas Eastern
Pipeline (Pennsylvania), Transco Pipeline (Pennsylvania),
Equitrans (West Virginia and Pennsylvania), Equitable Gas
Company (West Virginia and Pennsylvania), and Carnegie Gas
Company (West Virginia). The intrastate market outlets are
Dominion Peoples (Pennsylvania), Dominion Hope (West Virginia),
TW Phillips Oil & Gas Company,
10
Inc. (Pennsylvania), Equitable Gas Company (West Virginia and
Pennsylvania), Cabot Oil & Gas Corporation (West
Virginia), Allegheny Power (West Virginia), National Fuel Gas
Distribution (New York) and Lumberport Shinnston Gas Company
(West Virginia).
We gather more than 90% of our current production. Our network
of natural gas gathering systems permits us to transport
production from our wells with fewer interruptions and also
minimizes any delays associated with a gathering company
extending its lines to our wells. Our ownership and control of
these lines enables us to:
|
|
|
| |
|
realize faster connection of newly drilled wells to the existing
system; |
| |
| |
|
control pipeline operating pressures and capacity to maximize
our production; |
| |
| |
|
control compression costs and fuel use; |
| |
| |
|
maintain system integrity; |
| |
| |
|
control the monthly nominations on the receiving pipelines to
prevent imbalances and penalties; and |
| |
| |
|
closely track sales volumes and receipts to ensure all
production values are realized. |
Natural Gas Gathering for Others
We perform limited natural gas gathering activities for others
on non-jurisdictional gathering systems through our subsidiary
Linn Operating, Inc. We gather for others primarily in
Westmoreland and Indiana Counties, Pennsylvania. The fee charged
to third party producers is set by contract and ranges from
$0.10 to $0.25 per Mcf plus line loss and any compressor
fuel. Linn Operating aggregates these volumes with our
production and sells all natural gas through its meter(s) to the
same purchasers. These revenues are collected and distributed to
the third party producers in the normal course of our revenue
distribution cycle. Most of Linn Operatings natural gas
gathering lines are not subject to United States Department of
Transportation (US DOT) safety regulations.
Purchase for Resale
On November 1, 2004, Penn West purchased the Bessie 8
Pipeline in Indiana County, Pennsylvania and began purchasing
and re-selling production from other producers connected to it.
Penn West buys this third party production and resells it into a
Dominion Peoples transmission line. We intend to reconfigure
other Linn Operating natural gas gathering systems to bring
online additional volumes, both company owned and third party
owned, to the Bessie 8 Pipeline to increase throughput volumes
and revenues.
Operations
In general, we seek to be the operator of wells in which we have
an interest. As operator, we design and manage the development
of a well and supervise operation and maintenance activities on
a day-to-day basis. To
carry out our 2006 drilling program, we have contracts in place
for four third party drilling rigs. We also are purchasing two
drilling rigs, at a cost of approximately $2.2 million per
rig, which are anticipated to be delivered in late summer or
early fall of 2006. In addition, we employ drilling, production
and reservoir engineers, geologists and other specialists who
work to improve production rates, increase reserves and lower
the cost of operating our natural gas properties.
|
|
|
Natural Gas and Oil Leases |
The typical natural gas and oil lease agreement provides for the
payment of royalties to the mineral owner for all natural gas
and oil produced from any well(s) drilled on the lease premises.
In the Appalachian Basin this amount is typically
1/8th (12.5%) of revenue resulting in a 87.5% net revenue
interest to us for most leases directly acquired by us. In
certain instances, this royalty amount may increase to
1/6th (16.66%) of revenue when leases are taken from larger
landowners or mineral owners such as coal and timber companies.
11
Because the acquisition of natural gas and oil leases is a very
competitive process and involves certain geological and business
risks to identify productive areas, prospective leases are often
held by other natural gas and oil operators. In order to gain
the right to drill these leases we may elect to farm-in leases
and/or purchase leases from other natural gas and oil operators.
Typically the assignor of such leases will reserve an overriding
royalty interest, ranging from 1/32nd to
1/16th (3.125% to 6.25%) of revenue, which further reduces
the net revenue interest available to us to between 84.375% and
81.25% of revenue.
Sometimes these third party owners of natural gas and oil leases
retain the option to participate in the drilling of wells on
leases farmed out or assigned to us. Normally the retained
interest is a 25% working interest. In this event, our working
interest ownership will be reduced by the amount retained by the
third party operator. In most other instances we anticipate
owning a 100% working interest in newly drilled wells.
In almost all of the areas we operate in the Appalachian Basin,
the surface owner is normally also the mineral owner, allowing
us to deal with a single party. This simplifies the research
process required to identify the proper owners of the natural
gas and oil rights and reduces the per acre lease acquisition
cost and the time required to successfully acquire the desired
leases.
For the year ended December 31, 2005, sales of natural gas
to Dominion Resources, Inc., Cabot Oil & Gas
Corporation, UGI Energy Services, Inc., Amerada Hess Corporation
and Equitable Resources, Inc. accounted for approximately 48%,
14%, 10%, 7% and 6%, respectively, of our total volumes, or 85%
in the aggregate. If we were to lose any one of our major
natural gas purchasers, the loss could temporarily cease or
delay production and sale of our natural gas in that particular
purchasers service area. If we were to lose a purchaser,
we believe we could identify a substitute purchaser. However, if
one or more of these large natural gas purchasers ceased
purchasing natural gas altogether, it could have a detrimental
effect on the natural gas market in general and on the volume of
natural gas that we are able to sell.
We enter into derivative transactions with unaffiliated third
parties with respect to natural gas prices and interest rates to
achieve more predictable cash flows and to reduce our exposure
to short-term fluctuations in natural gas prices and interest
rates. For a more detailed discussion of our derivative
activities, please read Item 7, Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations Overview and Item 7A,
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market
Risk in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
The natural gas and oil industry is highly competitive. We
encounter strong competition from other independent operators
and from major oil companies in acquiring properties,
contracting for drilling equipment and securing trained
personnel. Many of these competitors have financial and
technical resources and staffs substantially larger than ours.
As a result, our competitors may be able to pay more for
desirable leases, or to evaluate, bid for and purchase a greater
number of properties or prospects, than our financial or human
resources permit.
We are also affected by competition for drilling rigs and the
availability of related equipment. In the past, the natural gas
and oil industry has experienced shortages of drilling rigs,
equipment, pipe and personnel, which has delayed development
drilling and has caused significant price increases. We are
unable to predict when, or if, such shortages may occur or how
they would affect our drilling program. To carry out our 2006
drilling program, we have contracts in place for four third
party drilling rigs. We also are purchasing two drilling rigs,
at a cost of approximately $2.2 million per rig, which are
anticipated to be delivered in late summer or early fall of 2006.
Competition is also strong for attractive natural gas and oil
producing properties, undeveloped leases and drilling rights,
and we cannot assure you that we will be able to compete
satisfactorily when attempting to make further acquisitions.
12
As is customary in the natural gas and oil industry, we
initially conduct only a cursory review of the title to our
properties on which we do not have proved reserves. Prior to the
commencement of drilling operations on those properties, we
conduct a thorough title examination and perform curative work
with respect to significant defects. To the extent title
opinions or other investigations reflect title defects on those
properties, we are typically responsible for curing any title
defects at our expense. We generally will not commence drilling
operations on a property until we have cured any material title
defects on such property. Prior to completing an acquisition of
producing natural gas leases, we perform title reviews on the
most significant leases and, depending on the materiality of
properties, we may obtain a title opinion or review previously
obtained title opinions. As a result, we have obtained title
opinions on a significant portion of our natural gas properties
and believe that we have satisfactory title to our producing
properties in accordance with standards generally accepted in
the natural gas and oil industry. Our natural gas properties are
subject to customary royalty and other interests, liens for
current taxes and other burdens which we believe do not
materially interfere with the use of or affect our carrying
value of the properties.
|
|
|
Seasonal Nature of Business |
Seasonal weather conditions and lease stipulations can limit our
drilling and producing activities and other operations in
certain areas of the Appalachian region and, as a result, we
generally perform the majority of our drilling during the summer
months. These seasonal anomalies can pose challenges for meeting
our well drilling objectives and increase competition for
equipment, supplies and personnel during the spring and summer
months, which could lead to shortages and increase costs or
delay our operations. Generally, but not always, the demand for
natural gas decreases during the summer months and increases
during the winter months. Seasonal anomalies such as mild
winters or hot summers sometimes lessen this fluctuation. In
addition, certain natural gas users utilize natural gas storage
facilities and purchase some of their anticipated winter
requirements during the summer. This can also lessen seasonal
demand fluctuations.
|
|
|
Environmental Matters and Regulation |
We believe that our properties and operations are in substantial
compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations,
and our operations to date have not resulted in any material
environmental liabilities. To protect against potential
environmental risk, we typically obtained Phase I
environmental assessment of any properties to be acquired prior
to completing each acquisition.
General. Our operations are subject to stringent federal,
state and local laws and regulations governing the discharge of
materials into the environment or otherwise relating to
environmental protection. Our operations are subject to the same
environmental laws and regulations as other companies in the
natural gas and oil industry. These laws and regulations may:
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require the acquisition of various permits before drilling
commences; |
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require the installation of expensive pollution control
equipment; |
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restrict the types, quantities and concentration of various
substances that can be released into the environment in
connection with drilling and production activities; |
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limit or prohibit drilling activities on lands lying within
wilderness, wetlands and other protected areas; |
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require remedial measures to prevent pollution from former
operations, such as pit closure and plugging of abandoned wells; |
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impose substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from our
operations; and |
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with respect to operations affecting federal lands or leases,
require preparation of a Resource Management Plan, an
Environmental Assessment, and/or an Environmental Impact
Statement. |
These laws, rules and regulations may also restrict the rate of
natural gas and oil production below the rate that would
otherwise be possible. The regulatory burden on the natural gas
and oil industry increases the cost of
13
doing business in the industry and consequently affects
profitability. Additionally, Congress and federal and state
agencies frequently revise environmental laws and regulations,
and any changes that result in more stringent and costly waste
handling, disposal and
clean-up requirements
for the natural gas and oil industry could have a significant
impact on our operating costs. We believe that we substantially
comply with all current applicable environmental laws and
regulations and that our continued compliance with existing
requirements will not have a material adverse impact on our
financial condition and results of operations. However, we
cannot predict how future environmental laws and regulations may
impact our properties or operations. For the year ended
December 31, 2005, we did not incur any material capital
expenditures for installation of remediation or pollution
control equipment at any of our facilities. We are not aware of
any environmental issues or claims that will require material
capital expenditures during 2006 or that will otherwise have a
material impact on our financial position or results of
operations.
Environmental laws and regulations that have a material impact
on the natural gas and oil industry include the following:
National Environmental Policy Act. Natural gas and oil
production activities on federal lands are subject to the
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). NEPA
requires federal agencies, including the Department of Interior,
to evaluate major agency actions having the potential to
significantly impact the environment. In the course of such
evaluations, an agency will typically prepare an Environmental
Assessment to assess the potential direct, indirect and
cumulative impacts of a proposed project and, if necessary, will
prepare a more detailed Environmental Impact Statement that may
be made available for public review and comment. All of our
current development and production activities, as well as
proposed development plans, on federal lands require
governmental permits that are subject to the requirements of
NEPA. This process has the potential to delay the development of
natural gas and oil projects.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and comparable
state statutes, regulate the generation, transportation,
treatment, storage, disposal and cleanup of hazardous
wastes and the disposal of non-hazardous wastes. Under the
auspices of the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), individual states administer some or all of
the provisions of RCRA, sometimes in conjunction with their own,
more stringent requirements. Drilling fluids, produced waters
and most of the other wastes associated with the development and
production of crude oil, natural gas or geothermal energy
constitute solid wastes, which are regulated under
the less stringent non-hazardous waste provisions, but there is
no guarantee that the EPA or individual states will not adopt
more stringent requirements for the handling of non-hazardous
wastes or recategorize some non-hazardous wastes as hazardous
for future regulation.
We believe that we are currently in substantial compliance with
the requirements of RCRA and related state and local laws and
regulations, and that we hold all necessary and
up-to-date permits,
registrations and other authorizations to the extent that our
operations require them under such laws and regulations.
Although we do not believe the current costs of managing our
wastes as they are presently classified to be significant, any
legislative or regulatory reclassification of natural gas and
oil development and production wastes could increase our costs
to manage and dispose of such wastes.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act. The Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), also known
as the Superfund law, imposes joint and several
liability, without regard to fault or legality of conduct, on
persons who are considered to be responsible for the release of
a hazardous substance into the environment. These
persons include the owner or operator of the site where the
release occurred and companies that disposed or arranged for the
disposal of the hazardous substance at the site. Under CERCLA,
such persons may be liable for the costs of cleaning up the
hazardous substances that have been released into the
environment, for damages to natural resources and for the costs
of certain health studies. In addition, it is not uncommon for
neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims
for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the
hazardous substances released into the environment.
We currently own, lease, or operate numerous properties that
have been used for natural gas and oil development and
production for many years. Although we believe we have utilized
operating and waste disposal practices that were standard in the
industry at the time, hazardous substances, wastes or
hydrocarbons may have
14
been released on or under the properties owned or leased by us,
or on or under other locations, including off-site locations,
where such substances have been taken for disposal. In addition,
some of these properties have been operated by third parties or
by previous owners or operators whose treatment and disposal of
hazardous substances, wastes or hydrocarbons was not under our
control. These properties and the substances disposed or
released on them may be subject to CERCLA, RCRA and analogous
state laws. Under such laws, we could be required to remove
previously disposed substances and wastes, remediate
contaminated property or perform remedial plugging or pit
closure operations to prevent future contamination.
Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The Federal Water
Pollution Control Act, also known as the Clean Water Act, and
analogous state laws impose restrictions and strict controls on
the discharge of pollutants, including produced waters and other
natural gas and oil wastes, into waters of the United States.
The discharge of pollutants into regulated waters is prohibited,
except in accordance with the terms of a permit issued by EPA or
the relevant state. The Clean Water Act also prohibits the
discharge of dredge and fill material in regulated waters,
including wetlands, unless authorized by a permit issued by the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Federal and state regulatory
agencies can impose administrative, civil and criminal penalties
for non-compliance with discharge permits or other requirements
of the federal Clean Water Act and analogous state laws and
regulations. We believe we are in substantial compliance with
the requirements of the Clean Water Act.
Clean Air Act. The Clean Air Act, and associated state
laws and regulations, regulate emissions of various air
pollutants through the issuance of permits and the imposition of
other requirements. In addition, the EPA has developed, and
continues to develop, stringent regulations governing emissions
of toxic air pollutants at specified sources. Some of our new
facilities may be required to obtain permits before work can
begin, and existing facilities may be required to incur capital
costs in order to comply with new emission limitations. These
regulations may increase the costs of compliance for some
facilities, and federal and state regulatory agencies can impose
administrative, civil and criminal penalties for non-compliance.
We believe that we are in substantial compliance with the
requirements of the Clean Air Act.
Other Laws and Regulation. The Kyoto Protocol to the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change became
effective in February 2005. Under the Protocol, participating
nations are required to implement programs to reduce emissions
of certain gases, generally referred to as greenhouse gases,
that are suspected of contributing to global warming. The United
States is not currently a participant in the Protocol, and
Congress has resisted recent proposed legislation directed at
reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, there has been
support in various regions of the country for legislation that
requires reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and some states
have already adopted legislation addressing greenhouse gas
emissions from various sources, primarily power plants. The
natural gas and oil industry is a direct source of certain
greenhouse gas emissions, namely carbon dioxide and methane, and
future restrictions on such emissions could impact our future
operations. Our operations are not adversely impacted by current
state and local climate change initiatives and, at this time, it
is not possible to accurately estimate how potential future laws
or regulations addressing greenhouse gas emissions would impact
our business.
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Other Regulation of the Natural Gas and Oil
Industry |
The natural gas and oil industry is extensively regulated by
numerous federal, state and local authorities. Legislation
affecting the natural gas and oil industry is under constant
review for amendment or expansion, frequently increasing the
regulatory burden. Also, numerous departments and agencies, both
federal and state, are authorized by statute to issue rules and
regulations binding on the natural gas and oil industry and its
individual members, some of which carry substantial penalties
for failure to comply. Although the regulatory burden on the
natural gas and oil industry increases our cost of doing
business and, consequently, affects our profitability, these
burdens generally do not affect us any differently or to any
greater or lesser extent than they affect other companies in the
industry with similar types, quantities and locations of
production.
Legislation continues to be introduced in Congress and
development of regulations continues in the Department of
Homeland Security and other agencies concerning the security of
industrial facilities, including natural gas and oil facilities.
Our operations may be subject to such laws and regulations.
Presently, it is not
15
possible to accurately estimate the costs we would incur to
comply with any such facility security laws or regulations, but
such expenditures could be substantial.
Drilling and Production. Our operations are subject to
various types of regulation at the federal, state and local
levels. These types of regulation include requiring permits for
the drilling of wells, drilling bonds and reports concerning
operations. Most states, and some counties and municipalities,
in which we operate also regulate one or more of the following:
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the location of wells; |
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the method of drilling and casing wells; |
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the surface use and restoration of properties upon which wells
are drilled; |
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the plugging and abandoning of wells; and |
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notice to surface owners and other third parties. |
State laws regulate the size and shape of drilling and spacing
units or proration units governing the pooling of natural gas
and oil properties. Some states allow forced pooling or
integration of tracts to facilitate development while other
states rely on voluntary pooling of lands and leases. In some
instances, forced pooling or unitization may be implemented by
third parties and may reduce our interest in the unitized
properties. In addition, state conservation laws establish
maximum rates of production from natural gas and oil wells,
generally prohibit the venting or flaring of natural gas and
impose requirements regarding the ratability of production.
These laws and regulations may limit the amount of natural gas
and oil we can produce from our wells or limit the number of
wells or the locations at which we can drill. Moreover, each
state generally imposes a production or severance tax with
respect to the production and sale of oil, natural gas and
natural gas liquids within its jurisdiction.
Natural Gas Transportation and Pricing. The availability,
terms and cost of transportation significantly affect sales of
natural gas. The interstate transportation and sale of natural
gas are subject to federal regulation, including regulation of
the terms, conditions and rates for interstate transportation,
storage and various other matters, primarily by the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission. Federal and state regulations
govern the price and terms for access to natural gas pipeline
transportation. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commissions
regulations for interstate natural gas transmission in some
circumstances may also affect the intrastate transportation of
natural gas.
Although natural gas prices are currently unregulated, Congress
historically has been active in the area of natural gas
regulation. We cannot predict whether new legislation to
regulate natural gas might be proposed, what proposals, if any,
might actually be enacted by Congress or the various state
legislatures, and what effect, if any, the proposals might have
on the operations of the underlying properties. Sales of
condensate and natural gas liquids are not currently regulated
and occur at market prices.
State Regulation. The various states regulate the
drilling for, and the production, gathering and sale of, natural
gas, including imposing severance taxes and requirements for
obtaining drilling permits. States also regulate the method of
developing new fields, the spacing and operation of wells and
the prevention of waste of natural gas resources. States may
regulate rates of production and may establish maximum daily
production allowables from natural gas wells based on market
demand or resource conservation, or both. States do not regulate
wellhead prices or engage in other similar direct economic
regulation, but there can be no assurance that they will not do
so in the future. The effect of these regulations may be to
limit the amounts of natural gas that may be produced from our
wells, and to limit the number of wells or locations we can
drill.
The natural gas and oil industry is also subject to compliance
with various other federal, state and local regulations and
laws. Some of those laws relate to occupational safety, resource
conservation and equal opportunity employment. We do not believe
that compliance with these laws will have a material adverse
effect upon our results of operations.
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As of May 15, 2006, we had 130 full time employees,
including three geologists, six petroleum engineers and eight
land professionals. Of our 130 full time employees, 29 work in
our Pittsburgh office, three work in our Houston office and 98
work in our district and field offices. We also contract for the
services of independent consultants involved in land,
regulatory, accounting, financial and other disciplines as
needed. None of our employees are represented by labor unions or
covered by any collective bargaining agreement. We believe that
our relations with our employees are satisfactory.
Available Information
Our internet address is http://www.linnenergy.com. We
make available free of charge on or through our website our
Annual Reports on
Form 10-K,
Quarterly Reports on
Form 10-Q, Current
Reports on
Form 8-K, and any
amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to
Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically
file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the SEC). The SEC maintains an
internet website that contains these reports at
http://www.sec.gov. You may read and copy any materials
that we file with the SEC at the SECs Public Reference
Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Information
concerning the operation of the Public Reference Room may be
obtained by calling the SEC at (800) 732-0330.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on
Form 10-K contains
forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal
securities laws that are subject to a number of risks and
uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. These
statements may include statements about our:
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business strategy; |
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financial strategy; |
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drilling locations; |
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natural gas and oil reserves; |
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realized natural gas and oil prices; |
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production volumes; |
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lease operating expenses, general and administrative expenses
and finding and development costs; |
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future operating results; and |
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plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. |
All of these types of statements, other than statements of
historical fact included in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K, are
forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements may
be found in Item 1, Business;
Item 1A,Risk Factors; Item 7,
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations and other items within
this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. In some
cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by
terminology such as may, will,
could, should, expect,
plan, project, intend,
anticipate, believe,
estimate, predict,
potential, pursue, target,
continue, the negative of such terms or other
comparable terminology.
The forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report
on Form 10-K are
largely based on our expectations, which reflect estimates and
assumptions made by our management. These estimates and
assumptions reflect our best judgment based on currently known
market conditions and other factors. Although we believe such
estimates and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently
uncertain and involve a number of risks and uncertainties beyond
our control. In addition, managements assumptions may
prove to be inaccurate. We caution that the forward-looking
statements contained in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K are not
guarantees of future performance, and we cannot assure any
reader that such statements will be realized or the
forward-looking statements or events will occur. Actual results
may differ materially from those anticipated or implied in
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forward-looking statements due to factors listed in the
Risk Factors section and elsewhere in this Annual
Report on
Form 10-K. The
forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made, and
other than as required by law, we undertake no obligation to
publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether
as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Risks Related to Our Business
We may not have sufficient cash flow from operations to pay
the quarterly distribution at the current distribution level and
future distributions to our unitholders may fluctuate from
quarter to quarter.
We may not have sufficient cash flow from operations each
quarter to pay the quarterly distribution at the current
distribution level. Under the terms of our limited liability
company agreement, the amount of cash otherwise available for
distribution will be reduced by our operating expenses and the
amount of any cash reserve amounts that our Board of Directors
establishes to provide for future operations, future capital
expenditures, future debt service requirements and future cash
distributions to our unitholders. The amount of cash we can
distribute on our units principally depends upon the amount of
cash we generate from our operations, which will fluctuate from
quarter to quarter based on, among other things:
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the amount of natural gas we produce; |
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the price at which we are able to sell our natural gas
production; |
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the level of our operating costs; |
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the level of our interest expense, which depends on the amount
of our indebtedness and the interest payable thereon; and |
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the level of our capital expenditures. |
In addition, the actual amount of cash we will have available
for distribution will depend on other factors, some of which are
beyond our control, including:
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our ability to make working capital borrowings under our credit
facility to pay distributions; |
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the costs of acquisitions, if any; |
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fluctuations in our working capital needs; |
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timing and collectibility of receivables; |
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restrictions on distributions contained in our credit facility; |
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prevailing economic conditions; and |
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the amount of cash reserves established by our Board of
Directors for the proper conduct of our business. |
As a result of these factors, the amount of cash we distribute
to our unitholders in any quarter may fluctuate significantly
from quarter to quarter and may be significantly less than the
initial quarterly distribution amount.
We will be prohibited from borrowing under our credit facility
to pay distributions to unitholders if the amount of borrowings
outstanding under our credit facility reaches or exceeds 90% of
the borrowing base, which is the amount of money available for
borrowing, as determined semi-annually by our lenders in their
sole discretion. The lenders will redetermine the borrowing base
based on an engineering report with respect to our natural gas
reserves, which will take into account the prevailing natural
gas prices at such time. Any time our borrowings exceed 90% of
the then-specified borrowing base, our ability to pay
distributions to our unitholders in any such quarter is solely
dependent on our ability to generate sufficient cash from our
operations.
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We may incur substantial additional debt in the future to
enable us to pursue our business plan and to pay distributions
in the amount of the initial quarterly distribution.
Our business requires a significant amount of capital
expenditures to maintain and grow production levels. Commodity
prices have historically been volatile and we cannot predict the
prices we will be able to realize for our production in the
future. As a result, we may continue to borrow significant
amounts under our credit facility in the future to enable us to
pay quarterly distributions at anticipated levels. Significant
declines in our production or significant declines in realized
natural gas prices for prolonged periods and resulting decreases
in our borrowing base may force us to reduce or suspend
distributions to our unitholders.
If commodity prices decline significantly for a prolonged
period, our cash flow from operations will decline, and we may
have to lower our distribution or may not be able to pay
distributions at all.
Our revenue, profitability and cash flow depend upon the prices
and demand for natural gas. The natural gas market is very
volatile and a drop in prices can significantly affect our
financial results and impede our growth. Changes in natural gas
prices have a significant impact on the value of our reserves
and on our cash flow. Prices for natural gas may fluctuate
widely in response to relatively minor changes in the supply of
and demand for natural gas, market uncertainty and a variety of
additional factors that are beyond our control, such as:
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the domestic and foreign supply of and demand for natural gas; |
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the price and level of foreign imports; |
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the level of consumer product demand; |
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weather conditions; |
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overall domestic and global economic conditions; |
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political and economic conditions in natural gas and oil
producing countries, including those in the Middle East and
South America; |
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the ability of members of the Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries to agree to and maintain oil price and
production controls; |
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the impact of the U.S. dollar exchange rates on natural gas
and oil prices; |
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technological advances affecting energy consumption; |
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domestic and foreign governmental regulations and taxation; |
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the impact of energy conservation efforts; |
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the proximity and capacity of natural gas pipelines and other
transportation facilities; and |
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the price and availability of alternative fuels. |
In the past, the prices of natural gas have been extremely
volatile, and we expect this volatility to continue.
Lower natural gas prices may not only decrease our revenues, but
also reduce the amount of natural gas that we can produce
economically. This may result in our having to make substantial
downward adjustments to our estimated proved reserves. If this
occurs, or if our estimates of development costs increase,
production data factors change or drilling results deteriorate,
accounting rules may require us to write down, as a non-cash
charge to earnings, the carrying value of our natural gas
properties for impairments. We are required to perform
impairment tests on our assets whenever events or changes in
circumstances lead to a reduction of the estimated useful life
or estimated future cash flows that would indicate that the
carry amount may not be recoverable or whenever
managements plans change with respect to those assets. We
may incur impairment charges in the future, which could have a
material adverse effect on our results of operations in the
period taken and our ability to borrow funds under our credit
facility, which may adversely affect our ability to make cash
distributions to our unitholders.
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Unless we replace our reserves, our reserves and production
will decline, which would adversely affect our cash flow from
operations and our ability to make distributions to our
unitholders.
Producing natural gas reservoirs generally are characterized by
declining production rates that vary depending upon reservoir
characteristics and other factors. Based on our
December 31, 2005 reserve report, our average decline rate
for proved developed producing reserves is 8% during the first
five years, 5% in the next five years and less than 4%
thereafter. Because total estimated proved reserves include our
proved undeveloped reserves at December 31, 2005,
production will decline at this rate even if those proved
undeveloped reserves are developed and the wells produce as
expected. This rate of decline will change if production from
our existing wells declines in a different manner than we have
estimated and can change when we drill additional wells, make
acquisitions and under other circumstances. Thus, our future
natural gas reserves and production and, therefore, our cash
flow and income are highly dependent on our success in
efficiently developing and exploiting our current reserves and
economically finding or acquiring additional recoverable
reserves. We may not be able to develop, find or acquire
additional reserves to replace our current and future production
at acceptable costs, which would adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
Our estimated reserves are based on many assumptions that may
prove to be inaccurate. Any material inaccuracies in these
reserve estimates or underlying assumptions will materially
affect the quantities and present value of our reserves.
No one can measure underground accumulations of natural gas in
an exact way. Natural gas reserve engineering requires
subjective estimates of underground accumulations of natural gas
and assumptions concerning future natural gas prices, production
levels, and operating and development costs. As a result,
estimated quantities of proved reserves and projections of
future production rates and the timing of development
expenditures may prove to be inaccurate. Our independent
petroleum engineers prepare estimates of our proved reserves.
Over time, our internal engineers may make material changes to
reserve estimates taking into account the results of actual
drilling and production. Some of our reserve estimates are made
without the benefit of a lengthy production history, which are
less reliable than estimates based on a lengthy production
history. Also, we make certain assumptions regarding future
natural gas prices, production levels, and operating and
development costs that may prove incorrect. Any significant
variance from these assumptions by actual figures could greatly
affect our estimates of reserves, the economically recoverable
quantities of natural gas attributable to any particular group
of properties, the classifications of reserves based on risk of
recovery, and estimates of the future net cash flows. For
example, if natural gas prices decline by $1.00 per Mcf,
then the Standardized Measure of our proved reserves as of
December 31, 2005 would decrease from $552.1 million
to $503.8 million. Our Standardized Measure is calculated
using unhedged natural gas prices and is determined in
accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Numerous
changes over time to the assumptions on which our reserve
estimates are based, as described above, often result in the
actual quantities of natural gas we ultimately recover being
different from our reserve estimates.
The present value of future net cash flows from our proved
reserves is not necessarily the same as the current market value
of our estimated natural gas reserves. We base the estimated
discounted future net cash flows from our proved reserves on
prices and costs in effect on the day of estimate. However,
actual future net cash flows from our natural gas properties
also will be affected by factors such as:
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actual prices we receive for natural gas; |
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the amount and timing of actual production; |
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supply of and demand for natural gas; and |
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changes in governmental regulations or taxation. |
The timing of both our production and our incurrence of expenses
in connection with the development and production of natural gas
properties will affect the timing of actual future net cash
flows from proved reserves, and thus their actual present value.
In addition, the 10% discount factor we use when calculating
discounted future net cash flows may not be the most appropriate
discount factor based on interest rates in effect from time to
time and risks associated with us or the natural gas and oil
industry in general.
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Our development operations require substantial capital
expenditures, which will reduce our cash available for
distribution. We may be unable to obtain needed capital or
financing on satisfactory terms, which could lead to a decline
in our reserves.
The natural gas and oil industry is capital intensive. We make
and expect to continue to make substantial capital expenditures
in our business for the development, production and acquisition
of natural gas reserves. These expenditures will reduce our cash
available for distribution. We intend to finance our future
capital expenditures with cash flow from operations and our
financing arrangements. Our cash flow from operations and access
to capital are subject to a number of variables, including:
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our proved reserves; |
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the level of natural gas we are able to produce from existing
wells; |
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the prices at which we are able to sell our natural gas; and |
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our ability to acquire, locate and produce new reserves. |
If our revenues or the borrowing base under our revolving credit
facility decrease as a result of lower natural gas prices,
operating difficulties, declines in reserves or for any other
reason, we may have limited ability to obtain the capital
necessary to sustain our operations at current levels. Our
revolving credit facility restricts our ability to obtain new
financing. If additional capital is needed, we may not be able
to obtain debt or equity financing on terms favorable to us, or
at all. If cash generated by operations or available under our
revolving credit facility is not sufficient to meet our capital
requirements, the failure to obtain additional financing could
result in a curtailment of our development operations, which in
turn could lead to a possible decline in our reserves.
Our business depends on gathering and transportation
facilities owned by others. Any limitation in the availability
of those facilities would interfere with our ability to market
the natural gas we produce and could reduce our revenues and
cash available for distribution.
Although we gather more than 90% of our current production, the
marketability of our natural gas production depends in part on
the availability, proximity and capacity of gathering and
pipeline systems owned by third parties. The amount of natural
gas that can be produced and sold is subject to limitation in
certain circumstances, such as pipeline interruptions due to
scheduled and unscheduled maintenance, excessive pressure,
physical damage to the gathering or transportation system, or
lack of contracted capacity on such systems. The curtailments
arising from these and similar circumstances may last from a few
days to several months. In many cases, we are provided only with
limited, if any, notice as to when these circumstances will
arise and their duration. In addition, some of our wells are
drilled in locations that are not serviced by gathering and
transportation pipelines, or the gathering and transportation
pipelines in the area may not have sufficient capacity to
transport the additional production. As a result, we may not be
able to sell the natural gas production from these wells until
the necessary gathering and transportation systems are
constructed. Any significant curtailment in gathering system or
pipeline capacity, or significant delay in the construction of
necessary gathering and transportation facilities, could reduce
our revenues and cash available for distribution.
We depend on certain key customers for sales of our natural
gas. To the extent these and other customers reduce the volumes
of natural gas they purchase from us, our revenues and cash
available for distribution could decline.
For the year ended December 31, 2005, Dominion Resources,
Inc., Cabot Oil & Gas Corporation, UGI Energy Services,
Inc., Amerada Hess Corporation and Equitable Resources, Inc.
accounted for approximately 48%, 14%, 10%, 7% and 6%,
respectively, of our total volumes, or 85% in the aggregate. To
the extent these and other customers reduce the volumes of
natural gas that they purchase from us, our revenues and cash
available for distribution could decline.
21
Shortages of drilling rigs, equipment and crews could delay
our operations and reduce our cash available for
distribution.
Higher natural gas prices generally increase the demand for
drilling rigs, equipment and crews and can lead to shortages of,
and increasing costs for, drilling equipment, services and
personnel. Shortages of, or increasing costs for, experienced
drilling crews and oil field equipment and services could
restrict our ability to drill the wells and conduct the
operations which we currently have planned. Any delay in the
drilling of new wells or significant increase in drilling costs
could reduce our revenues and cash available for distribution.
Because we handle natural gas and other petroleum products,
we may incur significant costs and liabilities in the future
resulting from a failure to comply with new or existing
environmental regulations or an accidental release of hazardous
substances into the environment.
The operations of our wells, gathering systems, pipelines and
other facilities are subject to stringent and complex federal,
state and local environmental laws and regulations. These
include, for example:
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the federal Clean Air Act and comparable state laws and
regulations that impose obligations related to air emissions; |
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the federal Clean Water Act and comparable state laws and
regulations that impose obligations related to discharges of
pollutants into regulated bodies of water; |
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the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and
comparable state laws that impose requirements for the handling
and disposal of waste from our facilities; and |
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the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act of 1980, also known as Superfund, and
comparable state laws that regulate the cleanup of hazardous
substances that may have been released at properties currently
or previously owned or operated by us or at locations to which
we have sent waste for disposal. |
Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may trigger a
variety of administrative, civil and criminal enforcement
measures, including the assessment of monetary penalties, the
imposition of remedial requirements, and the issuance of orders
enjoining future operations. Certain environmental statutes,
including the RCRA, CERCLA and analogous state laws and
regulations, impose strict, joint and several liability for
costs required to clean up and restore sites where hazardous
substances have been disposed of or otherwise released.
Moreover, it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and
other third parties to file claims for personal injury and
property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous
substances or other waste products into the environment.
There is an inherent risk that we may incur environmental costs
and liabilities due to the nature of our business and the
substances we handle. For example, an accidental release from
one of our wells or gathering pipelines could subject us to
substantial liabilities arising from environmental cleanup and
restoration costs, claims made by neighboring landowners and
other third parties for personal injury and property damage, and
fines or penalties for related violations of environmental laws
or regulations. Moreover, the possibility exists that stricter
laws, regulations or enforcement policies could significantly
increase our compliance costs and the cost of any remediation
that may become necessary. We may not be able to recover these
costs from insurance. Please read Item 1,
Business Operations Environmental
Matters and Regulation in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
22
If we do not make acquisitions on economically acceptable
terms, our future growth and ability to increase distributions
will be limited.
Our ability to grow and to increase distributions to unitholders
is partially dependent on our ability to make acquisitions that
result in an increase in pro forma available cash per unit. We
may be unable to make such acquisitions because we are:
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unable to identify attractive acquisition candidates or
negotiate acceptable purchase contracts with them; |
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unable to obtain financing for these acquisitions on
economically acceptable terms; or |
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outbid by competitors. |
In any such case, our future growth and ability to increase
distributions will be limited. Furthermore, even if we do make
acquisitions that we believe will increase pro forma available
cash per unit, these acquisitions may nevertheless result in a
decrease in pro forma available cash per unit.
Any acquisition involves potential risks, including, among other
things:
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mistaken assumptions about revenues and costs, including
synergies; |
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an inability to integrate successfully the businesses we acquire; |
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the assumption of unknown liabilities; |
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limitations on rights to indemnity from the seller; |
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the diversion of managements attention from other business
concerns; and |
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customer or key employee losses at the acquired businesses. |
If we consummate any future acquisitions, our capitalization and
results of operations may change significantly. Further, our
future acquisition costs may be higher than those we have
achieved historically.
We have incurred losses from operations since our inception
and may continue to do so in the future, which may impact our
ability to pay distributions to our unitholders.
We incurred restated net losses of $1.7 million in the
period from March 14, 2003 (inception) through
December 31, 2003 and $4.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 2004, respectively. We incurred a net loss of
$56.4 million for year ended December 31, 2005. We may
generate losses in the future, which may impact our ability to
generate sufficient cash flow from operations to pay quarterly
distributions to our unitholders at the current distribution
level.
Locations that we decide to drill may not yield natural gas
in commercially viable quantities.
The cost of drilling, completing and operating a well is often
uncertain, and cost factors can adversely affect the economics
of a well. Our efforts will be uneconomic if we drill dry holes
or wells that are productive but do not produce enough natural
gas to be commercially viable after drilling, operating and
other costs. If we drill future wells that we identify as dry
holes, our drilling success rate would decline and may
materially harm our business.
Many of our leases are in areas that have been partially
depleted or drained by offset wells.
Our key project areas are located in the most active drilling
areas in the Appalachian Basin. As a result, many of our leases
are in areas that have already been partially depleted or
drained by earlier offset drilling. This may inhibit our ability
to find economically recoverable quantities of natural gas in
these areas.
Our identified drilling location inventories are scheduled out
over several years, making them susceptible to uncertainties
that could materially alter the occurrence or timing of their
drilling, resulting in temporarily lower cash from operations,
which may impact our ability to pay distributions.
23
Our management has specifically identified and scheduled
drilling locations as an estimation of our future multi-year
drilling activities on our existing acreage. As of
December 31, 2005, we had identified 905 drilling
locations, of which 373 were proved undeveloped locations and
532 were other locations. These identified drilling locations
represent a significant part of our growth strategy. Our ability
to drill and develop these locations depends on a number of
factors, including the availability of capital, seasonal
conditions, regulatory approvals, natural gas prices, costs and
drilling results. In addition, Schlumberger Data and Consulting
Services has not assigned any proved reserves to the 532 other
drilling locations we have identified and scheduled for drilling
and therefore there may exist greater uncertainty with respect
to the success of drilling wells at these drilling locations.
Our final determination on whether to drill any of these
drilling locations will be dependent upon the factors described
above as well as, to some degree, the results of our drilling
activities with respect to our proved drilling locations.
Because of these uncertainties, we do not know if the numerous
drilling locations we have identified will be drilled within our
expected timeframe or will ever be drilled or if we will be able
to produce natural gas from these or any other potential
drilling locations. As such, our actual drilling activities may
materially differ from those presently identified, which could
adversely affect our business.
Drilling for and producing natural gas are high risk
activities with many uncertainties that could adversely affect
our financial condition or results of operations and, as a
result, our ability to pay distributions to our unitholders.
Our drilling activities are subject to many risks, including the
risk that we will not discover commercially productive
reservoirs. Drilling for natural gas can be uneconomic, not only
from dry holes, but also from productive wells that do not
produce sufficient revenues to be commercially viable. In
addition, our drilling and producing operations may be
curtailed, delayed or canceled as a result of other factors,
including:
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the high cost, shortages or delivery delays of equipment and
services; |
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unexpected operational events; |
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adverse weather conditions, particularly seasonal weather
conditions in the spring; |
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facility or equipment malfunctions; |
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title problems; |
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pipeline ruptures or spills; |
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compliance with environmental and other governmental
requirements; |
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unusual or unexpected geological formations; |
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loss of drilling fluid circulation; |
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formations with abnormal pressures; |
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fires; |
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blowouts, craterings and explosions; and |
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uncontrollable flows of natural gas or well fluids. |
Any of these events can cause substantial losses, including
personal injury or loss of life, damage to or destruction of
property, natural resources and equipment, pollution,
environmental contamination, loss of wells and regulatory
penalties.
We ordinarily maintain insurance against certain losses and
liabilities arising from our operations. However, it is
impossible to insure against all operational risks in the course
of our business. Additionally, we may elect not to obtain
insurance if we believe that the cost of available insurance is
excessive relative to the perceived risks presented. Losses
could therefore occur for uninsurable or uninsured risks or in
amounts in excess of existing insurance coverage. The occurrence
of an event that is not fully covered by insurance could have a
material adverse impact on our business activities, financial
condition and results of operations.
24
Our credit facility has substantial restrictions and
financial covenants and we may have difficulty obtaining
additional credit, which could adversely affect our operations
and our ability to pay distributions to our unitholders.
We will depend on our revolving credit facility for future
capital needs and to fund a portion of our distributions. The
revolving credit facility restricts our ability to obtain
additional financing, make investments, lease equipment, sell
assets and engage in business combinations. We also are required
to comply with certain financial covenants and ratios. Our
ability to comply with these restrictions and covenants in the
future is uncertain and will be affected by the levels of cash
flow from our operations and events or circumstances beyond our
control. Our failure to comply with any of the restrictions and
covenants under our revolving credit facility could result in a
default under our credit facility, which could cause all of our
existing indebtedness to be immediately due and payable.
The revolving credit facility limits the amounts we can borrow
to a borrowing base amount, determined by the lenders in their
sole discretion. The lenders can unilaterally adjust the
borrowing base and the borrowings permitted to be outstanding
under the revolving credit facility. Any increase in the
borrowing base requires the consent of all the lenders. If the
required lenders do not agree on an increase, then the borrowing
base will be the highest borrowing base acceptable to the
lenders holding
662/3
% of the commitments. Outstanding borrowings in excess of
the borrowing base must be repaid immediately, or we must pledge
other natural gas and oil properties as additional collateral.
We do not currently have any substantial unpledged properties,
and we may not have the financial resources in the future to
make any mandatory principal prepayments required under the
revolving credit facility.
Properties that we buy may not produce as projected and we
may be unable to determine reserve potential, identify
liabilities associated with the properties or obtain protection
from sellers against such liabilities.
One of our growth strategies is to capitalize on opportunistic
acquisitions of natural gas reserves. However, our reviews of
acquired properties are inherently incomplete because it
generally is not feasible to review in depth every individual
property involved in each acquisition. Even a detailed review of
records and properties may not necessarily reveal existing or
potential problems, nor will it permit a buyer to become
sufficiently familiar with the properties to assess fully their
deficiencies and potential. Inspections may not always be
performed on every well, and environmental problems, such as
ground water contamination, are not necessarily observable even
when an inspection is undertaken.
Our hedging activities could result in financial losses or
could reduce our income, which may adversely affect our ability
to pay distributions to our unitholders.
To achieve more predictable cash flow and to reduce our exposure
to adverse fluctuations in the prices of natural gas, we
currently and may in the future enter into hedging arrangements
for a significant portion of our natural gas production. If we
experience a sustained material interruption in our production
or if we are unable to perform our drilling activity as planned,
we might be forced to satisfy all or a portion of our hedging
obligations without the benefit of the cash flow from our sale
of the underlying physical commodity, resulting in a substantial
reduction of our liquidity. Under our credit facility, we are
prohibited from hedging all of our production, and we therefore
retain the risk of a price decrease on our unhedged volumes.
We depend on our President and Chief Executive Officer who
would be difficult to replace.
We depend on the performance of Michael C. Linn, our President
and Chief Executive Officer. We maintain no key person insurance
for Mr. Linn. The loss of Mr. Linn could negatively
impact our ability to execute our strategy and our results of
operations.
25
If we fail to develop or maintain an effective system of
internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our
financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, current and
potential unitholders could lose confidence in our financial
reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price
of our units.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a
process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its
inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting
may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of
any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to
the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes
in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the
policies or procedures may deteriorate. If we cannot provide
reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our reputation and
operating results could be harmed. We cannot be certain that our
efforts to develop and maintain our internal controls will be
successful, that we will be able to maintain adequate controls
over our financial processes and reporting in the future or that
we will be able to comply with our obligations under
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by our
initial compliance date of December 31, 2007. We identified
a material weakness in our internal controls during the course
of evaluating disclosure controls and procedures as of
December 31, 2005. See Item 9A, Controls and
Procedures for additional information. Any failure to
develop or maintain effective internal controls, or difficulties
encountered in implementing or improving our internal controls,
could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet
certain reporting obligations. Ineffective internal controls
could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported
financial information, which could have a negative effect on the
trading price of our units.
We may be unable to compete effectively with larger
companies, which may adversely affect our ability to generate
sufficient revenue to allow us to pay distributions to our
unitholders.
The natural gas and oil industry is intensely competitive, and
we compete with other companies that have greater resources. Our
ability to acquire additional properties and to discover
reserves in the future will be dependent upon our ability to
evaluate and select suitable properties and to consummate
transactions in a highly competitive environment. Many of our
larger competitors not only drill for and produce natural gas
and oil, but also carry on refining operations and market
petroleum and other products on a regional, national or
worldwide basis. These companies may be able to pay more for
natural gas and oil properties and evaluate, bid for and
purchase a greater number of properties than our financial or
human resources permit. In addition, these companies may have a
greater ability to continue drilling activities during periods
of low natural gas and oil prices and to absorb the burden of
present and future federal, state, local and other laws and
regulations. Our inability to compete effectively with larger
companies could have a material adverse impact on our business
activities, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to complex federal, state, local and other
laws and regulations that could adversely affect the cost,
manner or feasibility of doing business.
Our operations are regulated extensively at the federal, state
and local levels. Environmental and other governmental laws and
regulations have increased the costs to plan, design, drill,
install, operate and abandon natural gas and oil wells. Under
these laws and regulations, we could also be liable for personal
injuries, property damage and other damages. Failure to comply
with these laws and regulations may result in the suspension or
termination of our operations and subject us to administrative,
civil and criminal penalties. Moreover, public interest in
environmental protection has increased in recent years, and
environmental organizations have opposed, with some success,
certain drilling projects.
Part of the regulatory environment in which we operate includes,
in some cases, legal requirements for obtaining environmental
assessments, environmental impact studies and/or plans of
development before commencing drilling and production
activities. In addition, our activities are subject to the
regulations regarding conservation practices and protection of
correlative rights. These regulations affect our operations and
limit the quantity of natural gas we may produce and sell. A
major risk inherent in our drilling plans is the need to obtain
drilling permits from state and local authorities. Delays in
obtaining regulatory approvals or drilling permits, the failure
to obtain a drilling permit for a well or the receipt of a
permit with unreasonable conditions or costs could have a
material adverse effect on our ability to develop our
properties. Additionally, the natural gas and oil
26
regulatory environment could change in ways that might
substantially increase the financial and managerial costs of
compliance with these laws and regulations and, consequently,
adversely affect our ability to pay distributions to our
unitholders. Please read Item 1, Business
Operations Environmental Matters and
Regulation and Business
Operations Other Regulation of the Natural Gas and
Oil Industry in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K for a
description of the laws and regulations that affect us.
We face possible delisting from The Nasdaq Stock Market,
which could result in a limited trading market for our units,
and could negatively affect the price of our units.
On April 18, 2006 and May 24, 2006, we received Nasdaq
Staff Determination letters indicating that we had failed to
comply with the filing requirements for continued listing set
forth in Marketplace Rule 4310(c)(14) because we had not
timely filed our Annual Report on
Form 10-K and our
Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q. As a
result, our units are subject to delisting from The Nasdaq Stock
Market. We have been granted a hearing before a Nasdaq Listing
Qualifications Panel to appeal the Staffs determination.
The request for a hearing will stay the potential delisting
until the appeal has been heard and the Panel has rendered a
formal decision. There is no assurance that our appeal of the
Staffs determination will be successful. If our appeal is
not successful and our units are delisted, the trading in our
units could be conducted in the over-the-counter market known as
the NASD OTC Electronic Bulletin Board, the trading market for
our units could become limited and the price of our units could
be negatively affected. As a result, you may find it difficult
to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations as to the market
value of, our units.
We may face risks related to the recent restatement of our
financial statements.
We restated our financial statements for the period from
March 14, 2003 (inception) through December 31, 2003,
for the year ended December 31, 2004 and certain financial
statement line items for the nine months ended
September 30, 2004 and 2005 primarily to correct certain
accounting entries related to the acquisition of natural gas and
oil properties. As a result of these changes, which primarily
affect fiscal 2003 and 2004, revenues were reduced by $944,164
and $1,729,526, respectively, and net loss was increased by
$353,305 and $838,018, respectively. Companies that restate
their financial statements sometimes face litigation claims
and/or SEC proceedings following such a restatement of financial
results. Although we are unaware of any pending or threatened
claims or proceedings relating to our restatement, if any claim
or proceeding were to be commenced and successfully asserted
against us, we could face monetary judgments, penalties or other
sanctions which could adversely affect our financial condition
and could cause the price of our units to decline.
Risks Related to Our Structure
Our management and Quantum Energy Partners own, in the
aggregate, a controlling interest in us, with management and
Quantum Energy Partners owning approximately 16.2% and 36.4%,
respectively, of our units.
Our management and Quantum Energy Partners own or control an
aggregate 52.6% of our outstanding units. Accordingly,
management and Quantum Energy Partners, acting together, possess
a controlling vote on substantially all matters submitted to a
vote of the holders of our units. As long as management and
Quantum Energy Partners in the aggregate beneficially own a
controlling interest in us, they will have the ability to elect
all members of our Board of Directors and to control our
management and affairs. Our management and Quantum Energy
Partners will be able to cause a change of control of our
company. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of
preventing or discouraging transactions involving an actual or a
potential change of control of our company, regardless of
whether a premium is offered over then-current market prices.
Each of management or Quantum Energy Partners, or both, may
have conflicts of interest with us. Our limited liability
company agreement limits the remedies available to you in the
event you have a claim relating to conflicts of interest.
Conflicts of interest may arise between our management or
Quantum Energy Partners, and us and our unitholders. These
potential conflicts may relate to the divergent interests of our
management or Quantum Energy
27
Partners. Situations in which the interests of our management or
Quantum Energy Partners may differ from interests of our
non-affiliated unitholders include, among others, the following
situations:
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our limited liability company agreement gives our Board of
Directors broad discretion in establishing cash reserves for the
proper conduct of our business, which will affect the amount of
cash available for distribution. For example, our management
will use its reasonable discretion to establish and maintain
cash reserves sufficient to fund our drilling program; |
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our management team determines the timing and extent of our
drilling program and related capital expenditures, asset
purchases and sales, borrowings, issuances of additional
membership interests and reserve adjustments, all of which will
affect the amount of cash that we distribute to our
unitholders; and |
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Quantum Energy Partners and other affiliates of our directors
are not prohibited from investing or engaging in other
businesses or activities that compete with us. |
We may issue additional units without unitholder approval,
which would dilute your existing ownership interests.
We may issue an unlimited number of limited liability company
interests of any type, including units, without the approval of
our unitholders.
The issuance of additional units or other equity securities may
have the following effects:
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an individual unitholders proportionate ownership interest
in us may decrease; |
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the amount of cash distributed on each unit may decrease; |
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the relative voting strength of each previously outstanding unit
may be reduced; and |
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the market price of the units may decline. |
The market price of our units could be volatile for a number
of factors, many of which are beyond our control.
The market price of our units could be subject to wide
fluctuations in response to a number of factors, most of which
we cannot control, including:
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changes in securities analysts recommendations and their
estimates of our financial performance; |
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the publics reaction to our press releases, announcements
and our filings with the SEC; |
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fluctuations in broader securities market prices and volumes,
particularly among securities of natural gas and oil companies
and securities of publicly-traded limited partnerships and
limited liability companies; |
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changes in market valuations of similar companies; |
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departures of key personnel; |
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commencement of or involvement in litigation; |
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variations in our quarterly results of operations or those of
other natural gas and oil companies; |
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variations in the amount of our quarterly cash distributions; |
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future issuances and sales of our units; and |
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changes in general conditions in the U.S. economy,
financial markets or the natural gas and oil industry. |
In recent years, the securities market has experienced extreme
price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a
significant effect on the market price of securities issued by
many companies for reasons unrelated to the operating
performance of these companies. Future market fluctuations may
result in a lower price of our units.
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Quantum Energy Partners may sell units in the future, which
could reduce the market price of our outstanding units.
As of May 8, 2006, Quantum Energy Partners controlled an
aggregate of 10,144,585 units. In addition, we have agreed,
upon demand by Quantum, to register for sale units held by
Quantum Energy Partners, certain non-affiliated investors and
certain members of our management. These registration rights
allow Quantum Energy Partners to request registration of their
units and to include any of those units in a registration of
other securities by us. If Quantum Energy Partners were to sell
a substantial portion of their units, the market price of our
outstanding units may decline.
Tax Risks to Unitholders
Our tax treatment depends on our status as a partnership for
federal income tax purposes, as well as our not being subject to
entity-level taxation by individual states. If the IRS were to
treat us as a corporation for federal income tax purposes or we
were to become subject to entity-level taxation for state tax
purposes, taxes paid, if any, would reduce the amount of cash
available for distribution.
The anticipated after-tax benefit of an investment in our units
depends largely on our being treated as a partnership for
federal income tax purposes. We have not requested, and do not
plan to request, a ruling from the IRS on this or any other tax
matters.
If we were treated as a corporation for federal income tax
purposes, we would pay federal income tax on our taxable income
at the corporate tax rates, currently at a maximum rate of 35%,
and would likely pay state income tax at varying rates.
Distributions to unitholders would generally be taxed as
corporate dividends, and no income, gain, loss, deduction or
credit would flow through to unitholders. Because a tax may be
imposed on us as a corporation, our cash available for
distribution to our unitholders could be reduced. Therefore, our
treatment as a corporation could result in a material reduction
in the anticipated cash flow and after-tax return to our
unitholders and therefore result in a substantial reduction in
the value of our units.
Current law or our business may change so as to cause us to be
treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes or
otherwise subject us to entity-level taxation. In addition,
because of widespread state budget deficits, several states are
evaluating ways to subject partnerships and limited liability
companies to entity-level taxation through the imposition of
state income, franchise or other forms of taxation. If any state
were to impose a tax upon us as an entity, the cash available
for distribution to unitholders may be reduced.
You may be required to pay taxes on income from us even if
you do not receive any cash distributions from us.
Unitholders are required to pay federal income taxes and, in
some cases, state and local income taxes on their share of our
taxable income, whether or not they receive cash distributions
from us. Unitholders may not receive cash distributions from us
equal to their share of our taxable income or even equal to the
actual tax liability that results from their share of our
taxable income.
A successful IRS contest of the federal income tax positions
we take may adversely affect the market for our units, and the
costs of any contest will reduce cash available for
distribution.
We have not requested a ruling from the IRS with respect to our
treatment as a partnership for federal income tax purposes or
any other matter that affects us. The IRS may adopt positions
that differ from the positions we take. It may be necessary to
resort to administrative or court proceedings to sustain some or
all of the positions we take and a court may disagree with some
or all of those positions. Any contest with the IRS may
materially and adversely impact the market for our units and the
price at which they trade. In addition, our costs of any contest
with the IRS will result in a reduction in cash available for
distribution to our unitholders and thus will be borne
indirectly by our unitholders.
29
We will treat each purchaser of our units as having the same
tax benefits without regard to the units purchased. The IRS may
challenge this treatment, which could adversely affect the value
of the units.
Because we cannot match transferors and transferees of units, we
will adopt depreciation and amortization positions that may not
conform with all aspects of existing U.S. Treasury
regulations. A successful IRS challenge to those positions could
adversely affect the amount of tax benefits available to our
unitholders. It also could affect the timing of these tax
benefits or the amount of gain on the sale of units and could
have a negative impact on the value of our units or result in
audits of and adjustments to our unitholders tax returns.
You may be subject to state and local taxes and return filing
requirements.
In addition to federal income taxes, you will likely be subject
to other taxes, including state and local taxes, unincorporated
business taxes and estate, inheritance or intangible taxes that
are imposed by the various jurisdictions in which we do business
or own property now or in the future, even if they do not reside
in any of those jurisdictions. Unitholders will likely be
required to file foreign, state and local income tax returns and
pay state and local income taxes in some or all of these
jurisdictions. Further, unitholders may be subject to penalties
for failure to comply with those requirements. We currently do
business and own assets in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York
and Virginia. As we make acquisitions or expand our business, we
may do business or own assets in other states in the future. It
is the responsibility of each unitholder to file all United
States federal, foreign, state and local tax returns that may be
required of such unitholder. Our counsel has not rendered an
opinion on the state or local tax consequences of an investment
in the units.
Tax gain or loss on the disposition of our units could be
more or less than expected because prior distributions in excess
of allocations of income will decrease your tax basis in your
units.
As units are sold, unitholders will recognize gain or loss equal
to the difference between the amount realized and your tax basis
in those units. Prior distributions to unitholders in excess of
the total net taxable income they were allocated for a unit,
which decreased the unitholders tax basis in that unit,
will, in effect, become taxable income to them if the unit is
sold at a price greater than their tax basis in that unit, even
if the price you receive is less than their original cost. A
substantial portion of the amount realized, whether or not
representing gain, may be ordinary income to the unitholder
We will be considered to have terminated for tax purposes due
to a sale or exchange of 50% or more of our interests within a
twelve-month period.
We will be considered to have terminated for tax purposes if
there is a sale or exchange of 50% or more of the total
interests in our capital and profits within a twelve-month
period. A constructive termination results in the closing of our
taxable year for all unitholders and in the case of a unitholder
reporting on a taxable year other than a fiscal year ending
December 31, may result in more than 12 months of our
taxable income or loss being includable in his taxable income
for the year of termination. A constructive termination
occurring on a date other than December 31 will result in
us filing two tax returns (and unitholders receiving two
Schedule K-1s) for one fiscal year and the cost of the
preparation of these returns will be borne by all unitholders.
|
|
| Item 1B. |
Unresolved Staff Comments |
Not applicable.
30
As of December 31, 2005, our producing wells and drilling
locations were located as follows:
31
All of our proved reserves as of December 31, 2005 were
located in the Appalachian Basin. For additional information
concerning our proved reserves, production, wells, acreage and
related matters, see Item 1,Business
Natural Gas and Oil Data in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
Our obligations under our credit facility are secured by
mortgages on our natural gas and oil properties. See
Item 7, Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Financing Activities Credit Facility in this
Annual Report on
Form 10-K for
additional information concerning our credit facility.
We currently lease approximately 13,000 square feet of
office space in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at 650 Washington Road,
where our principal offices are located. The lease for our
Pittsburgh office expires in September 2012. We also lease an
additional 5,000 square feet of office space in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, for which the lease expires in March 2009. We
lease approximately 3,000 square feet of office space in
Houston, Texas. The lease for our Houston office expires in
April 2008. We also have field offices in Bridgeport and
Glenville, West Virginia and Indiana, Pennsylvania.
Additionally, we have purchased property in Jane Lew, West
Virginia where we intend to centralize certain of our West
Virginia operations in 2006.
|
|
| Item 3. |
Legal Proceedings |
Effective September 30, 2003, we purchased interests in
natural gas and oil wells from Cabot Oil & Gas
Corporation for an aggregate restated purchase price of
$15.8 million. On September 27, 2005, Power Gas
Marketing & Transmission Inc. filed a complaint styled
Power Gas Marketing & Transmission, Inc. v.
Cabot Oil & Gas Corporation and Linn Energy in the
court of common pleas of Indiana County, Pennsylvania against
Cabot and Linn Energy alleging that Cabot conveyed such
interests to us in breach of purported preferential purchase
rights. Power Gas alleges that Linn Energy interfered with Power
Gas contract rights and demands the right to evaluate
whether to exercise its purported preferential purchase rights.
We believe that Power Gas allegations are without merit,
intend to vigorously defend the matter and do not believe that
the outcome of the matter would have a material adverse effect
on our financial position and results of operations.
Although we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation
and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of
business, we are not currently a party to any material legal
proceedings. In addition, we are not aware of any legal or
governmental proceedings against us, or contemplated to be
brought against us, under various environmental protection
statutes or other regulations to which we are subject.
|
|
| Item 4. |
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during
the fourth quarter of 2005.
32
PART II
|
|
| Item 5. |
Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related
Unitholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
Our units are listed on The Nasdaq National Market under the
symbol LINE. Our units began trading on
January 13, 2006, in connection with our initial public
offering. On May 8, 2006, the market price for our units
was $20.00 per unit. On that date, there were
27,832,500 units outstanding and approximately
9,000 unitholders.
The Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company
Agreement of Linn Energy, LLC (the LLC Agreement)
provides for the distribution of available cash (as
defined below) on a quarterly basis to our unitholders.
Available cash means, for any quarter prior to liquidation:
|
|
| |
(i) all cash and cash equivalents of Linn Energy on hand at
the end of that quarter; and |
| |
| |
(ii) all additional cash and cash equivalents of Linn
Energy on hand on the date of determination of available cash
for that quarter resulting from working capital borrowings made
subsequent to the end of the quarter; |
|
|
| |
(b) less the amount of any cash reserves established by the
Board of Directors to: |
|
|
| |
(i) provide for the proper conduct of the business of Linn
Energy (including reserves for future capital expenditures
including drilling and acquisitions and for anticipated future
credit needs); |
| |
| |
(ii) comply with applicable law or any loan agreement,
security agreement, mortgage, debt instrument or other agreement
or obligation to which Linn Energy or any of its subsidiaries is
a party or by which it is bound or its assets are
subject; or |
| |
| |
(iii) provide funds for distribution with respect to any
one or more of the next four quarters. |
The amount of available cash will be determined by our Board of
Directors for each calendar quarter of our operations beginning
with the quarter ended March 31, 2006.
The terms of our secured revolving credit facility permit us to
borrow under the facility to pay distributions to unitholders as
long there has not been a default or event of default and if the
amount of borrowings under the facility is less than 90% of the
borrowing base. As we identified the need to restate our
financial statements, we obtained necessary waivers of certain
covenants to remain in compliance with the terms of the credit
facility. The credit facility contains covenants limiting our
ability to make distributions other than from available cash.
See Item 7, Managements Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Credit Facility in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K for
further information regarding our secured revolving credit
facility.
Use of Securities Act Registration Statement Proceeds
In the first quarter of 2006, Linn Energy, LLC completed its
initial public offering of an aggregate of 12,450,000 units
representing limited liability company interests (consisting of
11,750,000 units purchased by the underwriters on
January 19, 2006 and 700,000 units purchased by the
underwriters on February 15, 2006 pursuant to their option
to purchase additional units) at an initial public offering
price of $21.00 per unit in a firm commitment underwritten
initial public offering pursuant to
an S-1
Registration Statement (File
No. 333-125501)
declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on
January 12, 2006. RBC Capital Markets Corporation and
Lehman Brothers Inc. acted as joint lead-managing underwriters
of the offering.
The aggregate initial public offering price for the units issued
in our initial public offering was approximately
$261.4 million. Net proceeds to the Company (after
underwriting discounts of approximately $18.3 million and
estimated offering expenses of approximately $6.7 million)
were approximately $236.4 million, of which
$122.0 million was used to reduce the Companys
then-existing indebtedness, an aggregate of $111.6 million
was used to redeem a portion of the limited liability company
membership interests and units held
33
by certain affiliates, and an aggregate of $2.8 million was
used to redeem a portion of the limited liability company
interests and units held by certain non-affiliates of the
Company. See Item 13,Certain Relationships and
Related Transactions Stakeholders
Agreement Redemption and Exchange for further
information. Estimated offering expenses included one-time
bonuses aggregating $2.0 million to certain of our
executive officers. See Item 11, Executive
Compensation Employment Agreements; Change of
Control Arrangements for further information regarding
these payments.
|
|
| Item 6. |
Selected Financial Data |
SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
Set forth below is our selected historical consolidated
financial data for the periods indicated for Linn Energy, LLC
(Successor). The historical financial data for the periods ended
December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and the balance sheet data
as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 have been derived
from our audited financial statements.
On October 31, 2003, we completed a $31.5 million
(restated) acquisition of natural gas and oil assets from Waco
Oil & Gas (Predecessor). The historical financial data
for the period from January 1, 2003 through
October 31, 2003 and the year ended December 31, 2002
have been derived from the audited financial statements of the
Predecessor entity. The historical financial data for the year
ended December 31, 2001 and the balance sheet data as of
December 31, 2001 and 2002 have been derived from the
unaudited financial statements of the Predecessor entity.
You should read the following summary financial data in
conjunction with Managements Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our
financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in
this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
Because of our rapid growth through acquisitions and development
of our properties, our historical results of operations and
period-to-period
comparisons of these results and certain other financial data
may not be meaningful or indicative of future results.
The following tables include a non-GAAP financial measure,
Adjusted EBITDA, which we use in our business. This measure is
not calculated or presented in accordance with
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP.
Please see Non-GAAP Financial Measure on
page 38.
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|
|
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| |
|
Predecessor | |
|
|
Successor | |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
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Period from | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
March 14, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Period from | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
January 1, | |
|
|
(inception) | |
|
Year Ended | |
| |
|
|
|
2003 | |
|
|
through | |
|
December 31, | |
| |
|
|
|
through | |
|
|
December 31, | |
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
October 31, | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
2001 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
(unaudited) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
(In thousands) | |
|
|
(In thousands) | |
|
Statement of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Natural gas and oil sales
|
|
$ |
5,382 |
|
|
$ |
3,779 |
|
|
$ |
4,705 |
|
|
|
$ |
2,379 |
|
|
$ |
19,502 |
|
|
$ |
44,645 |
|
| |
Realized gain (loss) on natural gas derivatives(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
(2,239 |
) |
|
|
(51,417 |
) |
| |
Unrealized (loss) on natural gas derivatives(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,600 |
) |
|
|
(8,765 |
) |
|
|
(24,776 |
) |
| |
Natural gas marketing revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
520 |
|
|
|
4,722 |
|
| |
Other revenue
|
|
|
1,488 |
|
|
|
698 |
|
|
|
788 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
345 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
6,870 |
|
|
|
4,477 |
|
|
|
5,493 |
|
|
|
|
946 |
|
|
|
9,178 |
|
|
|
(26,481 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Predecessor | |
|
|
Successor | |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Period from | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
March 14, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Period from | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
January 1, | |
|
|
(inception) | |
|
Year Ended | |
| |
|
|
|
2003 | |
|
|
through | |
|
December 31, | |
| |
|
|
|
through | |
|
|
December 31, | |
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
October 31, | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
2001 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
(unaudited) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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(In thousands) | |
|
|
(In thousands) | |
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Operating expenses
|
|
|
1,702 |
|
|
|
2,426 |
|
|
|
2,204 |
|
|
|
|
798 |
|
|
|
4,756 |
|
|
|
7,356 |
|
| |
Natural gas marketing expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
4,401 |
|
| |
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
3,186 |
|
|
|
1,047 |
|
|
|
870 |
|
|
|
|
783 |
|
|
|
1,488 |
|
|
|
3,332 |
|
| |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
|
|
|
1,152 |
|
|
|
1,494 |
|
|
|
1,185 |
|
|
|
|
562 |
|
|
|
3,656 |
|
|
|
7,294 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
6,040 |
|
|
|
4,967 |
|
|
|
4,259 |
|
|
|
|
2,143 |
|
|
|
10,382 |
|
|
|
22,383 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Income and (Expenses):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Interest income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
| |
Interest and financing expenses(3)
|
|
|
(390 |
) |
|
|
(352 |
) |
|
|
(237 |
) |
|
|
|
(517 |
) |
|
|
(3,530 |
) |
|
|
(7,040 |
) |
| |
Loss on equity investment
|
|
|
(57 |
) |
|
|
(145 |
) |
|
|
(63 |
) |
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(56 |
) |
|
|
(17 |
) |
| |
Write-off of deferred financing fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(364 |
) |
| |
Gain (loss) on sale of assets
|
|
|
(111 |
) |
|
|
(63 |
) |
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
|
(39 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total other income and (expenses)
|
|
|
(558 |
) |
|
|
(560 |
) |
|
|
(251 |
) |
|
|
|
(491 |
) |
|
|
(3,612 |
) |
|
|
(7,413 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
|
|
272 |
|
|
|
(1,050 |
) |
|
|
983 |
|
|
|
|
(1,688 |
) |
|
|
(4,816 |
) |
|
|
(56,277 |
) |
| |
Income tax (provision)(4)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(74 |
) |
|
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of change in accounting
principle
|
|
|
272 |
|
|
|
(1,050 |
) |
|
|
983 |
|
|
|
|
(1,688 |
) |
|
|
(4,816 |
) |
|
|
(56,351 |
) |
|
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(757 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$ |
272 |
|
|
$ |
(1,050 |
) |
|
$ |
226 |
|
|
|
$ |
(1,688 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,816 |
) |
|
$ |
(56,351 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (1) |
During 2005, we cancelled (before their original settlement
date) a portion of
out-of-the-money
natural gas hedges and realized a loss of $38.3 million. We
subsequently hedged similar volumes at higher prices. The
remaining $13.1 million of the $51.4 million realized
loss relates to losses on derivative positions settled in 2005
at scheduled maturity dates that were not related to the
cancellation of
out-of-the-money
natural gas hedges. |
| |
| (2) |
The natural gas swaps were not specifically designated as hedges
under SFAS No. 133, even though they reduce our
exposure to changes in natural gas prices. Therefore, the mark
to market of these instruments was recorded in our current
earnings. Further, these amounts represent non-cash charges. |
| |
| (3) |
Includes the unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps that
were not specifically designated as hedges under
SFAS No. 133, even though they reduce our exposure to
changes in interest rates. Therefore, the mark to market of
these instruments was recorded in our current earnings. Further,
these amounts represent non-cash charges. |
| |
| (4) |
Linn Operating, LLC (predecessor to Linn Operating, Inc.) was
not subject to federal income tax before converting to a
subchapter
C-corporation on
June 1, 2005. Prior to the conversion and the formation of
Mid Atlantic Well Service, Inc. as a wholly owned subchapter
C-corporation on October 12, 2005, there was no tax
provision included in our consolidated financial statements
because all of our taxable income or loss was included in the
income tax returns of the individual members. |
35
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|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Predecessor | |
|
|
Successor | |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
Period from | |
|
Year Ended | |
| |
|
|
|
Period from | |
|
|
March 14, 2003 | |
|
December 31, | |
| |
|
|
|
January 1, 2003 | |
|
|
(inception) through | |
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
through | |
|
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
2001 | |
|
2002 | |
|
October 31, 2003 | |
|
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
(Unaudited) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
(In thousands) | |
|
|
(In thousands) | |
|
Cash Flow Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
|
|
$ |
1,659 |
|
|
$ |
(40 |
) |
|
$ |
1,826 |
|
|
|
$ |
(135 |
) |
|
$ |
10,351 |
|
|
$ |
(29,518 |
) |
|
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
|
|
|
(8,831 |
) |
|
|
(1,480 |
) |
|
|
10,880 |
|
|
|
|
(35,344 |
) |
|
|
(61,372 |
) |
|
|
(150,898 |
) |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
|
|
|
7,473 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
(2,415 |
) |
|
|
|
57,521 |
|
|
|
31,167 |
|
|
|
189,269 |
|
|
Capital expenditures
|
|
$ |
8,566 |
|
|
$ |
1,375 |
|
|
$ |
1,717 |
|
|
|
|
32,863 |
|
|
|
63,594 |
|
|
|
150,849 |
|
|
Other Financial Information (unaudited):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,014 |
|
|
$ |
11,298 |
|
|
$ |
21,706 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Predecessor | |
|
|
Successor | |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, | |
| |
|
As of December 31, | |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
2001 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
(Unaudited) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
(In thousands) | |
|
|
(In thousands) | |
|
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents(2)
|
|
$ |
1,006 |
|
|
$ |
542 |
|
|
|
$ |
22,043 |
|
|
$ |
2,188 |
|
|
$ |
11,041 |
|
|
Other current assets
|
|
|
447 |
|
|
|
710 |
|
|
|
|
1,971 |
|
|
|
5,892 |
|
|
|
23,692 |
|
|
Natural gas and oil properties, net of accumulated depreciation,
depletion and amortization
|
|
|
12,831 |
|
|
|
12,829 |
|
|
|
|
52,307 |
|
|
|
95,381 |
|
|
|
238,858 |
|
|
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
2,958 |
|
|
|
2,778 |
|
|
|
|
370 |
|
|
|
1,387 |
|
|
|
2,525 |
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
208 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
|
2,486 |
|
|
|
577 |
|
|
|
3,428 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total assets
|
|
$ |
17,450 |
|
|
$ |
17,027 |
|
|
|
$ |
79,177 |
|
|
$ |
105,425 |
|
|
$ |
279,544 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities
|
|
$ |
3,498 |
|
|
$ |
3,468 |
|
|
|
$ |
20,200 |
|
|
$ |
10,216 |
|
|
$ |
86,058 |
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
2,686 |
|
|
|
1,919 |
|
|
|
|
41,518 |
|
|
|
72,750 |
|
|
|
206,814 |
|
|
Other long-term liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,123 |
|
|
|
12,939 |
|
|
|
33,503 |
|
|
Members capital (deficit)
|
|
|
11,266 |
|
|
|
11,640 |
|
|
|
|
14,336 |
|
|
|
9,520 |
|
|
|
(46,831 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total liabilities and members capital
|
|
$ |
17,450 |
|
|
$ |
17,027 |
|
|
|
$ |
79,177 |
|
|
$ |
105,425 |
|
|
$ |
279,544 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (1) |
See Non-GAAP Financial Measure on page 38 of
this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. |
| |
| (2) |
In December 2003, we borrowed approximately $18 million
under our credit facility to pay the remaining purchase price
for the Waco acquisition, which amount was paid to Waco on
January 2, 2004. |
36
SUMMARY RESERVE AND OPERATING DATA
The following tables show estimated net proved reserves, based
on reserve reports prepared by Schlumberger Data and Consulting
Services, our independent petroleum engineer, and certain
summary unaudited information with respect to our production and
sales of natural gas and oil. You should refer to Item 1,
Business Natural Gas and Oil Data
Proved Reserves and Production and Price History,
Item 1A, Risk Factors, and Item 7,
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations, in evaluating the
material presented below.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
As of December 31, | |
| |
|
| |
| |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Reserve Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated net proved reserves:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Natural gas (Bcf)
|
|
|
68.9 |
|
|
|
118.9 |
|
|
|
191.9 |
|
| |
Oil (MMBbls)
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
| |
|
Total (Bcfe)
|
|
|
69.8 |
|
|
|
119.8 |
|
|
|
193.2 |
|
|
Proved developed (Bcfe)
|
|
|
41.8 |
|
|
|
74.4 |
|
|
|
125.2 |
|
|
Proved undeveloped (Bcfe)
|
|
|
28.0 |
|
|
|
45.4 |
|
|
|
68.0 |
|
|
Proved developed reserves as % of total proved reserves
|
|
|
59.9 |
% |
|
|
62.1 |
% |
|
|
64.8 |
% |
|
Standardized Measure (in millions)(1)
|
|
$ |
126.3 |
|
|
$ |
215.0 |
|
|
$ |
552.1 |
|
|
Representative Natural Gas and Oil Prices:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Natural gas NYMEX Henry Hub per MMBtu
|
|
$ |
5.97 |
|
|
$ |
6.18 |
|
|
$ |
10.08 |
|
| |
Oil NYMEX WTI per Bbl
|
|
|
32.76 |
|
|
|
43.36 |
|
|
|
57.98 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
March 14, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
(inception) through | |
|
Year Ended | |
| |
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
2003(2) | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Net Production:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total production (MMcfe)
|
|
|
492 |
|
|
|
3,112 |
|
|
|
4,839 |
|
| |
Average daily production (Mcfe/d)
|
|
|
2,299 |
|
|
|
8,526 |
|
|
|
13,258 |
|
|
Average Sales Prices:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Weighted average realized natural gas price (Mcf)
|
|
$ |
5.26 |
|
|
$ |
5.73 |
|
|
$ |
6.92 |
|
| |
Weighted average realized price (Mcfe)
|
|
|
5.25 |
|
|
|
5.74 |
|
|
|
6.97 |
|
|
Average Unit Costs per Mcfe:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Operating expenses
|
|
$ |
1.62 |
|
|
$ |
1.53 |
|
|
$ |
1.52 |
|
| |
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
1.59 |
|
|
|
0.48 |
|
|
|
0.69 |
|
| |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
|
|
|
1.14 |
|
|
|
1.17 |
|
|
|
1.51 |
|
|
|
| (1) |
Standardized Measure is the present value of estimated future
net revenues to be generated from the production of proved
reserves, determined in accordance with the rules and
regulations of the SEC (using prices and costs in effect as of
the date of estimation) without giving effect to non-property
related expenses such as general and administrative expenses,
debt service and future income tax expenses or to depreciation,
depletion and amortization and discounted using an annual
discount rate of 10%. Our Standardized Measure does not include
future income tax expenses because our reserves are owned by our
subsidiary Linn Energy Holdings, LLC, which is not subject to
income taxes. Standardized Measure does not give effect to
derivative transactions. For a description of our derivative
transactions, please read Managements Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations Cash Flow from Operations in
Item 7 to this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. |
| |
| (2) |
In the period ended December 31, 2003, production commenced
on May 30, 2003 following the purchase of natural gas
properties from Emax Oil Company. |
37
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE
Adjusted EBITDA
We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus:
|
|
|
| |
|
Interest expense; |
| |
| |
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortization; |
| |
| |
|
Write-off of deferred financing fees; |
| |
| |
|
(Gain) loss on sale of assets; |
| |
| |
|
(Gain) loss from equity investment; |
| |
| |
|
Accretion of asset retirement obligation; |
| |
| |
|
Unrealized (gain) loss on natural gas swaps; |
| |
| |
|
Realized (gain) loss on cancelled natural gas
swaps; and |
| |
| |
|
Income tax provision. |
The costs of cancelling natural gas swaps before their original
settlement date are the only adjustments to Adjusted EBITDA that
require expenditure of cash. These costs were financed with
borrowings under our credit facility, and such long term debt is
recognized as an increase in cash flow from financing activities.
Adjusted EBITDA is a significant performance metric used by our
management to indicate (prior to the establishment of any
reserves by our Board of Directors) the cash distributions we
expect to pay our unitholders. Specifically, this financial
measure indicates to investors whether or not we are generating
cash flow at a level that can sustain or support an increase in
our quarterly distribution rates. Adjusted EBITDA is also a
quantitative standard used throughout the investment community
with respect to publicly-traded partnerships and limited
liability companies.
The following table presents a reconciliation of our
consolidated net loss to Adjusted EBITDA:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
March 14, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
(inception) through | |
|
Year Ended | |
| |
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
(In thousands) | |
|
Net (loss)
|
|
$ |
(1,688 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,816 |
) |
|
$ |
(56,351 |
) |
|
Plus:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Interest expense
|
|
|
517 |
|
|
|
3,530 |
|
|
|
7,040 |
|
| |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
|
|
|
562 |
|
|
|
3,656 |
|
|
|
7,294 |
|
| |
Write-off of deferred financing fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
364 |
|
| |
Loss on sale of assets
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
| |
Loss from equity investment
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
| |
Accretion of asset retirement obligation
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
| |
Unrealized loss on natural gas derivatives
|
|
|
1,600 |
|
|
|
8,765 |
|
|
|
24,776 |
|
| |
Realized loss on cancelled natural gas derivatives(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38,281 |
|
| |
Income tax provision(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
74 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted EBITDA
|
|
$ |
1,014 |
|
|
$ |
11,298 |
|
|
$ |
21,706 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (1) |
During 2005, we cancelled (before their original settlement
date) a portion of
out-of-the-money
natural gas swaps and realized a loss of $38.3 million. We
subsequently hedged similar volumes at higher prices. |
38
|
|
| (2) |
Linn Operating, LLC was not subject to federal income tax before
converting to a subchapter C-corporation on June 1, 2005.
Prior to the conversion, there was no tax provision included in
our consolidated financial statements because all of our taxable
income or loss was included in the income tax returns of the
individual members. |
|
|
| Item 7. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations |
The following discussion and analysis should be read in
conjunction with the Selected Historical Consolidated
Financial and Operating Data and the financial statements
and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. The
following discussion contains forward-looking statements that
reflect our future plans, estimates, beliefs and expected
performance. The forward-looking statements are dependent upon
events, risks and uncertainties that may be outside our control.
Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed
in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or
contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to,
market prices for natural gas, production volumes, estimates of
proved reserves, capital expenditures, economic and competitive
conditions, regulatory changes and other uncertainties, as well
as those factors discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual
Report on
Form 10-K,
particularly in Risk Factors contained in
Item 1A of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. In
light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the
forward-looking events discussed may not occur.
Overview
Linn Energy, LLC is an independent natural gas and oil
development and acquisition company. At December 31, 2005,
our reserves were located in the Appalachian Basin, primarily in
West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia. From our
inception in March 2003 through December 31, 2005, we made
nine acquisitions of natural gas properties and related
gathering and pipeline assets for a restated aggregate purchase
price of $201.5 million, with total proved reserves of
160.1 Bcfe, or a restated acquisition cost of $1.26 per
Mcfe. These nine acquisitions included 1,914 producing wells and
we have drilled 200 wells since inception, 100% of which
were successful in producing natural gas in commercial
quantities, resulting in a total of 2,114 wells. As part of
our business strategy, we continually evaluate opportunities to
acquire additional natural gas and oil properties which
complement our asset profile both within the Appalachian Basin
and elsewhere in the United States.
Our proved reserves at December 31, 2005 were
193.2 Bcfe, of which approximately 99% were natural gas and
65% were classified as proved developed, with a Standardized
Measure of $552.1 million. At December 31, 2005, we
operated 1,922, or 91%, of our 2,114 wells. Our average
proved
reserves-to-production
ratio, or average reserve life, is approximately 29 years
based on our December 31, 2005 reserve report and
annualized production for the quarter ended December 31,
2005. As of December 31, 2005, we had identified 905
drilling locations, of which 373 were proved undeveloped
locations and 532 were other locations, and we had leasehold
interests in approximately 145,686 net acres in the
Appalachian Basin. From inception through December 31,
2005, we added 33.1 Bcfe of proved reserves through our
drilling activities, at a finding and development cost of
$1.31 per Mcfe, which includes the estimated development
costs for proved undeveloped reserves.
39
As of December 31, 2005, we had completed nine acquisitions
of natural gas properties and related gathering and pipeline
assets for a restated aggregate purchase price of
$201.5 million, with total proved reserves of
160.1 Bcfe, or a restated acquisition cost of
$1.26 per Mcfe.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restated | |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase | |
| Date |
|
Seller |
|
Wells |
|
Location |
|
Price | |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in millions) | |
|
May 2003
|
|
Emax Oil Company |
|
34 |
|
West Virginia |
|
$ |
3.2 |
|
|
Aug 2003
|
|
Lenape Resources, Inc. |
|
61 |
|
New York |
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
Sep 2003
|
|
Cabot Oil & Gas Corporation |
|
50 |
|
Pennsylvania |
|
|
15.8 |
|
|
Oct 2003
|
|
Waco Oil & Gas Company |
|
353 |
|
West Virginia and Virginia |
|
|
31.5 |
|
|
May 2004
|
|
Mountain V Oil & Gas, Inc. |
|
251 |
|
Pennsylvania |
|
|
12.5 |
|
|
Sep 2004
|
|
Pentex Energy, Inc. |
|
447 |
|
Pennsylvania |
|
|
15.1 |
|
|
Apr 2005
|
|
Columbia Natural Resources, LLC |
|
38 |
|
West Virginia and Virginia |
|
|
4.4 |
|
|
Aug 2005
|
|
GasSearch Corporation |
|
130 |
|
West Virginia |
|
|
5.4 |
|
|
Oct 2005
|
|
Exploration Partners, LLC |
|
550 |
|
West Virginia and Virginia |
|
|
111.4 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total |
|
1,914 |
|
|
|
$ |
201.5 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Because of our rapid growth through acquisitions and development
of our properties, our historical results of operations and
period-to-period
comparisons of these results and certain financial data may not
be meaningful or indicative of future results.
Our acquisitions were financed with a combination of private
equity, proceeds from bank borrowings and cash flow from
operations. Our activities are focused on evaluating and
developing our asset base, increasing our acreage positions and
evaluating potential acquisitions.
As of December 31, 2005, we had 193.2 Bcfe of
estimated net proved reserves with a Standardized Measure of
$552.1 million, a 61% increase in reserves over
December 31, 2004, when we had 119.8 Bcfe of estimated
net proved reserves with a Standardized Measure of
$215.0 million. Our December 31, 2005 and 2004
Standardized Measures were determined using a price of $10.08
and $6.18 per Mcf of natural gas, respectively, and $57.98
and $43.36 per Bbl of oil, respectively. Oil accounts for
less than 3% of our production.
Our revenue, cash flow from operations and future growth depend
substantially on factors beyond our control, such as economic,
political and regulatory developments and competition from other
sources of energy. Natural gas and oil prices historically have
been volatile and may fluctuate widely in the future. Sustained
periods of low prices for natural gas or oil could materially
and adversely affect our financial position, our results of
operations, the quantities of natural gas and oil reserves that
we can economically produce and our access to capital.
We utilize the successful efforts method of accounting for our
natural gas and oil properties. Leasehold costs are capitalized
when incurred. Unproved properties are assessed periodically
within specific geographic areas and impairments are charged to
expense. Geological and geophysical expenses and delay rentals
are charged to expense as incurred. Drilling costs are
capitalized, but charged to expense if the well is determined to
be unsuccessful. Generally, if a well does not find proved
reserves within one year following completion of drilling, the
costs of drilling the well are charged to expense.
Higher natural gas and oil prices have led to higher demand for
drilling rigs, operating personnel and field supplies and
services and have caused increases in the costs of those goods
and services. To date, the higher sales prices have more than
offset the higher drilling and operating costs. Given the
inherent volatility of natural gas prices, which are influenced
by many factors beyond our control, we plan our activities and
budget based on conservative sales price assumptions, which
generally are lower than the average sales prices received. We
focus our efforts on increasing natural gas reserves and
production while controlling costs at a level that is
appropriate for long-term operations. Our future cash flow from
operations is dependent on our ability to manage our overall
cost structure.
40
We face the challenge of natural production declines. As initial
reservoir pressures are depleted, natural gas production from a
given well decreases. We attempt to overcome this natural
decline by drilling to find additional reserves and acquiring
more reserves than we produce. Our future growth will depend on
our ability to continue to add reserves in excess of production.
We will maintain our focus on costs to add reserves through
drilling and acquisitions as well as the costs necessary to
produce such reserves. Our ability to add reserves through
drilling is dependent on our capital resources and can be
limited by many factors, including our ability to timely obtain
drilling permits and regulatory approvals.
Our Operations
Our revenues are highly sensitive to changes in natural gas
prices and levels of production. As set forth in
Cash Flow from Operations below, we have
hedged a significant portion of our expected production, which
allows us to mitigate, but not eliminate, natural gas price
risk. Our expected increase in levels of production as a result
of the anticipated drilling of 139 wells during 2006 is
dependent on our ability to quickly and efficiently bring the
newly drilled wells online. Any delays in drilling, completion
or connection to gathering lines of our new wells will
negatively impact the rate of increase in our production, which
may have an adverse effect on our revenues and as a result, cash
available for distribution. We continuously conduct financial
sensitivity analyses to assess the effect of changes in pricing
and production. These analyses allow us to determine how changes
in natural gas prices will affect the ability to drill
additional wells and to meet future financial obligations.
Further, the financial analyses allow us to monitor any impact
such changes in natural gas prices may have on the value of our
proved reserves and their impact, if any, on any redetermination
of the borrowing base under our credit facility.
Production and Operating Costs Reporting
We strive to increase our production levels to maximize our
revenue and cash available for distribution. Additionally, we
continuously monitor our operations to ensure that we are
incurring operating costs at the lowest possible level.
Accordingly, we continuously monitor our production and
operating costs per well to determine if any wells should be
shut in or sold.
Land and Lease Tracking System
As a significant amount of our growth is dependent on drilling
new wells, we continuously monitor our lease agreements and our
drilling locations to avoid delays. Our monitoring system
matches our lease agreements to existing wells and sites for
future development allowing management to make real time
decisions on which acreage to develop and at what point in time.
We continually seek to acquire new lease positions to increase
potential drilling locations.
41
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth selected financial and operating
data for the periods indicated.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
March 14, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
(inception) through | |
|
Year Ended | |
| |
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
(In thousands, except production | |
| |
|
and price data) | |
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Natural gas and oil sales
|
|
$ |
2,379 |
|
|
$ |
19,502 |
|
|
$ |
44,645 |
|
| |
Realized gain (loss) on natural gas derivatives
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
(2,239 |
) |
|
|
(51,417 |
) |
| |
Unrealized (loss) on natural gas derivatives
|
|
|
(1,600 |
) |
|
|
(8,765 |
) |
|
|
(24,776 |
) |
| |
Natural gas marketing revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
520 |
|
|
|
4,722 |
|
| |
Other revenues
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
345 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total revenue
|
|
|
946 |
|
|
|
9,178 |
|
|
|
(26,481 |
) |
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Operating expenses
|
|
$ |
798 |
|
|
$ |
4,756 |
|
|
$ |
7,356 |
|
| |
Natural gas marketing expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
4,401 |
|
| |
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
783 |
|
|
|
1,488 |
|
|
|
3,332 |
|
| |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
|
|
|
562 |
|
|
|
3,656 |
|
|
|
7,294 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
2,143 |
|
|
|
10,382 |
|
|
|
22,383 |
|
|
Other Income and (Expenses):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Interest and financing expenses
|
|
$ |
(517 |
) |
|
$ |
(3,530 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,040 |
) |
| |
|
Net Production:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total production (MMcfe)
|
|
|
492 |
|
|
|
3,112 |
|
|
|
4,839 |
|
| |
Average daily production (Mcfe/d)
|
|
|
2,299 |
|
|
|
8,526 |
|
|
|
13,258 |
|
|
Average Sales Prices:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Weighted average realized natural gas price (Mcf)
|
|
$ |
5.26 |
|
|
$ |
5.73 |
|
|
$ |
6.92 |
|
| |
Weighted average realized price (Mcfe)
|
|
|
5.25 |
|
|
|
5.74 |
|
|
|
6.97 |
|
|
Average Unit Costs per Mcfe:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Operating expenses
|
|
$ |
1.62 |
|
|
$ |
1.53 |
|
|
$ |
1.52 |
|
| |
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
1.59 |
|
|
|
0.48 |
|
|
|
0.69 |
|
| |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
|
|
|
1.14 |
|
|
|
1.17 |
|
|
|
1.51 |
|
42
Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended
December 31, 2004
Natural gas and oil sales, before realized and unrealized gains
and losses on natural gas derivatives, increased to
approximately $44.6 million from a restated
$19.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2005
as compared to the year ended December 31, 2004. The key
revenue measurements were as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Year Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
December 31, | |
|
Percentage | |
| |
|
| |
|
Increase | |
| |
|
2004 | |
|
|
|
(Decrease) | |
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
|
(Restated) | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Net Production:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total production (MMcfe)
|
|
|
3,112 |
|
|
|
4,839 |
|
|
|
55% |
|
| |
Average daily production (Mcfe/d)
|
|
|
8,526 |
|
|
|
13,258 |
|
|
|
56% |
|
|
Average Sales Prices:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Weighted average realized natural gas price (Mcf)
|
|
$ |
5.73 |
|
|
$ |
6.92 |
|
|
|
21% |
|
| |
Weighted average realized price (Mcfe)
|
|
|
5.74 |
|
|
|
6.97 |
|
|
|
21% |
|
The increase in revenue from natural gas and oil sales was
attributable primarily to the increase in production to
4,839 MMcfe during the year ended December 31, 2005
from a restated 3,112 MMcfe during the year ended
December 31, 2004, due to the two acquisitions completed in
2004 and three acquisitions completed in 2005, as well as the
drilling of 110 wells during 2005 compared to 90 wells
in 2004. In addition to the increase in production, the average
natural gas sales price increased during the year ended
December 31, 2005 as compared to the year ended
December 31, 2004.
During the year ended December 31, 2005, we hedged
approximately 84% of our natural gas production, which resulted
in revenues that were $13.1 million less than we would have
achieved at unhedged prices. During the year ended
December 31, 2004, we hedged approximately 72% of our
natural gas production, which resulted in revenues that were
$2.2 million less than we would have achieved at unhedged
prices. During the year ended December 31, 2005, we
cancelled (before their original settlement date) a portion of
out-of-the-money
natural gas derivatives and realized a loss of
$38.3 million. We subsequently hedged similar volumes at
higher prices. Unrealized losses on derivatives were also
recorded in the amounts of $24.8 million and
$8.8 million in 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Operating expenses consist of the lease operating expenses,
labor, field office rent, vehicle expenses, supervision,
transportation, minor maintenance, tools and supplies, severance
and ad valorem taxes and other customary charges. Severance
taxes are a function of volumes and revenues generated from
production. Ad valorem taxes vary by state/county and are based
on the value of our reserves. We assess our operating expenses
by monitoring the expenses in relation to the amount of
production and the number of wells operated. Operating expenses
increased to $7.4 million for the year ended
December 31, 2005 from a restated $4.8 million for the
year ended December 31, 2004, due to the increase in the
number of wells as a result of the two acquisitions completed in
2004 and the three acquisitions completed in 2005, as well as
the drilling of 90 and 110 wells during 2004 and 2005,
respectively. Operating expenses per Mcfe of production were as
follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Year Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
December 31, | |
|
Percentage | |
| |
|
| |
|
Increase | |
| |
|
2004 | |
|
|
|
(Decrease) | |
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
|
(Restated) | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Operating expenses per Mcfe
|
|
$ |
1.53 |
|
|
$ |
1.52 |
|
|
|
(1 |
)% |
General and administrative expenses include the costs of our
employees and executive officers, related benefits, office
leases, professional fees and other costs not directly
associated with field operations. We monitor general and
administrative expenses in relation to the amount of production
and the number of wells operated.
43
General and administrative expenses increased to
$3.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2005
as compared to a restated $1.5 million for the year ended
December 31, 2004. During 2004 and 2005, the Company
capitalized approximately $0.2 million and
$1.6 million, respectively, of internal costs related to
drilling. Additionally, general and administrative expenses are
presented net of approximately $0.6 million (restated) and
$1.2 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively, which
represents operating expense reimbursements from other working
interest owners. The increase in general and administrative
expenses was due to our rapidly growing operations and
increasing our staffing level to manage the additional wells
acquired and drilled in 2004 and 2005. We are continuing to
increase staffing levels to manage our active drilling program
and to perform the functions associated with being a public
company. General and administrative expenses per Mcfe of
production were as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Year Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
December 31, | |
|
Percentage | |
| |
|
| |
|
Increase | |
| |
|
2004 | |
|
|
|
(Decrease) | |
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
|
(Restated) | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
General and administrative expenses per Mcfe
|
|
$ |
0.48 |
|
|
$ |
0.69 |
|
|
|
44 |
% |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization increased to
$7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from
$3.7 million (restated) for the year ended
December 31, 2004 due to the increase in the number of
wells as a result of the two acquisitions completed in 2004 and
the three acquisitions completed in 2005, as well as the
drilling of 90 and 110 wells during 2004 and 2005,
respectively.
Interest and financing expenses were $7.0 million for the
year ended December 31, 2005 compared to $3.5 million
for the year ended December 31, 2004. Our interest rate
swaps were not specifically designated as hedges under
SFAS No. 133, even though they reduce our exposure to
changes in interest rates. Therefore, the mark to market of
these instruments was recorded as a $1.0 million gain and a
$1.3 million loss in our current earnings for the years
ended December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004,
respectively. Further, these amounts represent non-cash charges.
Cash payments for interest expense increased to
$6.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from
$2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004,
primarily due to increased debt levels associated with the two
acquisitions made in 2004 and the three acquisitions made in
2005.
Income tax expense was $74,464 for the year ended
December 31, 2005 compared to $0 in 2004. Because we were
structured as a limited liability company through 2004, no tax
provision was recorded as all taxable income or loss was
included in the income tax returns of the individual members. On
June 1, 2005, Linn Operating, LLC (predecessor to Linn
Operating, Inc.) converted to subchapter
C-corporation status
and on November 1, 2005 Mid Atlantic Well Service, Inc.,
one of our subsidiaries, commenced operations. Income tax
expense for 2005 relates to the income attributable to those
entities in that period.
44
Year Ended December 31, 2004 Compared to the Period from
March 14, 2003 (inception) through December 31,
2003
Natural gas and oil sales, before realized and unrealized gains
and losses on natural gas derivatives, increased to a restated
$19.5 million from a restated $2.4 million for the
year ended December 31, 2004 as compared to the period from
March 14, 2003 (inception) through December 31,
2003. The increase in revenue from natural gas and oil sales was
primarily due to the increase in production as a result of two
acquisitions made in 2004, the drilling of 90 wells and the
additional months of revenue reported in 2004. The key revenue
measurements were as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
March 14, 2003 | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
(inception) through | |
|
Year Ended | |
|
Percentage | |
| |
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
Increase | |
| |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
(Decrease) | |
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Net Production:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total production (MMcfe)
|
|
|
492 |
|
|
|
3,112 |
|
|
|
533 |
% |
| |
Average daily production (Mcfe/d)
|
|
|
2,299 |
|
|
|
8,526 |
|
|
|
271 |
% |
|
Average Sales Prices:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Weighted average realized natural gas price (Mcf)
|
|
$ |
5.26 |
|
|
$ |
5.73 |
|
|
|
9 |
% |
| |
Weighted average realized price (Mcfe)
|
|
|
5.25 |
|
|
|
5.74 |
|
|
|
9 |
% |
We hedged approximately 72% of our 2004 natural gas production,
which resulted in revenues that were $2.2 million less than
we would have achieved at unhedged prices. We hedged
approximately 43% of our 2003 natural gas production, which
resulted in revenues that were $0.2 million higher than we
would have achieved at unhedged prices. The loss in 2004 was due
to the increase in natural gas prices from 2003 to 2004.
Operating expenses increased to a restated $4.8 million for
the year ended December 31, 2004 from a restated
$0.8 million for the period from March 14, 2003
(inception) through December 31, 2003, due to the
increase in the number of wells as a result of the two
acquisitions completed in 2004, as well as the drilling of
90 wells during 2004. Operating expenses per Mcfe of
production were as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
March 14, 2003 | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
(inception) through | |
|
Year Ended | |
|
Percentage | |
| |
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
Increase | |
| |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
(Decrease) | |
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Operating expenses per Mcfe
|
|
$ |
1.62 |
|
|
$ |
1.53 |
|
|
|
(6 |
)% |
45
General and administrative expenses increased to a restated
$1.5 million from a restated $0.8 million during the
year ended December 31, 2004 as compared to the period from
March 14, 2003 (inception) through December 31,
2003. The increase in general and administrative expenses was
due to our rapidly growing operations and increasing our
staffing level to manage the additional wells acquired and
drilled in 2004. However, our production and well count
increased at a rate higher than our general and administrative
expenses for the year ended December 31, 2004. General and
administrative expenses per Mcfe of production were as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
March 14, 2003 | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
(inception) through | |
|
Year Ended | |
|
Percentage | |
| |
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
Increase | |
| |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
(Decrease) | |
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
General and administrative expenses per Mcfe
|
|
$ |
1.59 |
|
|
$ |
0.48 |
|
|
|
(70 |
)% |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization increased to a restated
$3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from
a restated $0.6 million for the period from March 14,
2003 (inception) through December 31, 2003, due to the
increase in the number of wells as a result of the two
acquisitions completed in 2004, the full year impact in 2004 of
the wells acquired in 2003, as well as the drilling of
90 wells during 2004.
Interest and financing expenses were $3.5 million for the
year ended December 31, 2004 as compared to
$0.5 million for the period from March 14, 2003
(inception) through December 31, 2003. Our interest
rate swaps were not specifically designated as hedges under
SFAS No. 133, even though they reduced our exposure to
changes in interest rates. Therefore, the mark to market of
these instruments was recorded as a $1.3 million loss and a
$0.2 million loss in our current earnings for the year
ended December 31, 2004 and for the period from
March 14, 2003 (inception) through December 31,
2003, respectively. Further, these amounts represent non-cash
charges. Cash payments for interest expense increased to
$2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from
$0.1 million for the period from March 14, 2003
(inception) through December 31, 2003, primarily due
to increased debt levels associated with the two acquisitions
made in 2004 and the four acquisitions made in 2003.
Capital Resources and Liquidity
During the period from our formation in March 2003 through 2005,
we utilized private equity, proceeds from bank borrowings and
cash flow from operations for our capital resources and
liquidity. In the first quarter of 2006, we completed our
initial public offering of 12,450,000 units which provided
proceeds after underwriting discounts of $243.1 million. We
used $122.0 million of such amount to reduce indebtedness,
$114.4 million to redeem a portion of the membership
interests and units held by certain of our affiliated and
non-affiliated holders and approximately $6.7 million to
pay offering expenses. To date, our primary use of capital has
been for the acquisition and development of natural gas
properties. As we pursue growth, we continually monitor the
capital resources available to us to meet our future financial
obligations and planned capital expenditures. Our future success
in growing reserves and production will be highly dependent on
the capital resources available to us and our success in
drilling for or acquiring additional reserves. We actively
review acquisition opportunities on an ongoing basis. If we were
to make significant additional acquisitions for cash, we would
need to borrow additional amounts under our credit facility, if
available, or obtain additional debt or equity financing. Our
credit facility imposes certain restrictions on our ability to
obtain additional debt financing. Based upon our current
expectations, we believe our liquidity and capital resources
will be sufficient for the conduct of our business and
operations.
During the year ended December 31, 2005, we cancelled
(before their original settlement date) a portion of
out-of-the-money
natural gas derivatives and realized a loss of
$38.3 million. As a result, working capital and
members capital were reduced by $38.3 million and
were $(51.3) million and $(46.8) million,
respectively, at December 31, 2005. We subsequently hedged
similar volumes at higher prices, which will result in higher
cash flow from operations for future periods. At
December 31, 2005, our working capital deficit was
$(51.3) million, partially due to unrealized losses on
natural gas derivatives of $9.2 million, which will not
require expenditures of additional cash at maturity as they will
be settled with proceeds from the sale of physical natural gas
production in the future. Our working capital deficit amount at
December 31, 2005 also included $60.0 million of
46
indebtedness under our subordinated term loan as described under
the heading Subordinated Term Loan
below. In January 2006, we used $60.0 million of the net
proceeds raised in our initial public offering to repay, in
full, all indebtedness under the subordinated term loan, and the
subordinated term loan was extinguished at that time.
Cash Flow from Operations
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities was
$(29.5) million and a restated $10.4 million for the
years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The
decrease in net cash provided by operating activities was due
substantially to the realized hedging loss during the year.
During the year, we cancelled (before their original settlement
date) a portion of out-of-the-money hedges and realized a loss
of $38.3 million. We subsequently hedged similar volumes at
higher prices. Changes in assets and liabilities
(reduced) increased cash flow from operations by
$(5.3) million and $1.2 million as restated for the
years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities as restated
was $10.4 million during the year ended December 31,
2004, compared to $(0.1) million during the period from
March 14, 2003 (inception) to December 31, 2003.
The increase in net cash provided by operating activities in
2004 was substantially due to increased revenues, partially
offset by increased expenses, as discussed above in
Results of Operations. Changes in
current assets and liabilities increased cash flow from
operations as restated by $1.2 million in 2004 and reduced
cash flow from operations by $(0.8) million in 2003.
Our cash flow from operations is subject to many variables, the
most significant of which is the volatility of natural gas
prices. Natural gas prices are determined primarily by
prevailing market conditions, which are dependent on regional
and worldwide economic activity, weather and other factors
beyond our control. Our future cash flow from operations will
depend on our ability to maintain and increase production
through our drilling program and acquisitions, as well as the
prices of natural gas and oil.
We enter into derivative arrangements to reduce the impact of
natural gas price volatility on our operations. Currently, we
use fixed price swaps and puts to reduce our exposure to the
volatility in NYMEX natural gas prices, which do not include the
additional net premium we typically realize in the Appalachian
Basin.
By removing the price volatility from a significant portion of
our natural gas production, we have mitigated, but not
eliminated, the potential effects of changing prices on our cash
flow from operations for those periods. While mitigating
negative effects of falling commodity prices, these derivative
contracts also limit the benefits we would receive from
increases in commodity prices. It is our policy to enter into
derivative contracts only with counterparties that are major,
creditworthy financial institutions deemed by management as
competent and competitive market makers.
The following table summarizes, as of May 17, 2006, and for
the periods indicated, our derivatives presently in place
through December 31, 2009. Currently, we use fixed price
swaps and puts to manage commodity prices. These transactions
are settled based upon the NYMEX price of natural gas at Henry
Hub on the final trading day of the month, and settlement occurs
on the 3rd day of the production month.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Year 2006 | |
|
Year 2007 | |
|
Year 2008 | |
|
Year 2009 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Fixed Price Swaps:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hedged Volume (MMMBtu)
|
|
|
7,412 |
|
|
|
7,168 |
|
|
|
8,464 |
|
|
|
6,205 |
|
| |
Average Price ($/ MMBtu)
|
|
$ |
9.26 |
|
|
$ |
8.64 |
|
|
$ |
8.23 |
|
|
$ |
7.56 |
|
|
Puts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hedged Volume (MMMBtu)
|
|
|
730 |
|
|
|
2,336 |
|
|
|
2,013 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Average Price ($/ MMBtu)
|
|
$ |
8.83 |
|
|
$ |
9.11 |
|
|
$ |
9.50 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
Total:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hedged Volume (MMMBtu)
|
|
|
8,142 |
|
|
|
9,504 |
|
|
|
10,477 |
|
|
|
6,205 |
|
| |
Average Price ($/ MMBtu)
|
|
$ |
9.22 |
|
|
$ |
8.75 |
|
|
$ |
8.47 |
|
|
$ |
7.56 |
|
47
Investing Activities Acquisitions and Capital
Expenditures
Our capital expenditures were $150.8 million and a restated
$63.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2005
and 2004, respectively. The total for the year ended
December 31, 2005 included $26.6 million for drilling
and development of natural gas properties, $111.4 million
for the acquisition of Exploration Partners, $4.4 million
for the acquisition of CNR, $5.4 million for the
acquisition of wells from GasSearch, $1.4 million for the
acquisition of additional working interests in our current wells
and $1.6 million for furniture, fixtures and equipment. The
total for the year ended December 31, 2004 included
$16.5 million for drilling and development of natural gas
properties, $27.6 million (restated) for acquisitions and
$1.5 million for furniture, fixtures and equipment.
We currently anticipate that our drilling budget, which
predominantly consists of drilling, infrastructure projects and
equipment, will be between $33 million and $34 million
for 2006. As of December 31, 2005 and May 12, 2006, we
had $17.4 million and $61.4 million, respectively
available for borrowing under our credit facility. The amount
and timing of our capital expenditures is largely discretionary
and within our control. If natural gas prices decline below
acceptable levels, we could choose to defer a portion of our
planned capital expenditures until later periods. We routinely
monitor and adjust our capital expenditures in response to
changes in natural gas prices, drilling and acquisition costs,
industry conditions and internally generated cash flow. Matters
outside our control that could affect the timing of our capital
expenditures include obtaining required permits and approvals in
a timely manner and the availability of rigs and crews. Based
upon current natural gas price expectations for 2006, we
anticipate that our cash flow from operations and available
borrowing capacity under our credit facility will exceed our
planned capital expenditures and other cash requirements for
2006. However, future cash flows are subject to a number of
variables, including the level of natural gas production and
prices. There can be no assurance that operations and other
capital resources will provide cash in sufficient amounts to
maintain planned levels of capital expenditures.
Financing Activities
Sales and Issuances of Securities. During 2003, we raised
$16.0 million, net of costs, from the sale of membership
interests to certain members of management and private equity
investors, including Quantum Energy Partners. In the first
quarter of 2006, we completed our initial public offering of an
aggregate 12,450,000 units at an initial public offering
price of $21.00 per unit, resulting in net proceeds after
underwriting discounts and offering expenses of
$236.4 million. See Item 5, Market for
Registrants Common Equity, Related Unitholder Matters and
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Use of
Securities Act Registration Statement Proceeds for
additional information.
Credit Facility. On May 30, 2003, we entered into a
$75.0 million senior secured credit facility (the
prior credit agreement), which allowed us to borrow
up to the determined amount of the borrowing base, which was
based upon the loan collateral value assigned to our various
natural gas and oil properties. A majority of our producing
natural gas and oil properties served as collateral. The
borrowing base was subject to semi-annual redetermination. The
prior credit agreement was amended twice in 2003, increasing the
borrowing base to $42.0 million. In 2004, the borrowing
base was increased to $73.0 million.
Under the prior credit facility and as of December 31, 2004
and 2003, we had borrowed $72.6 million and
$41.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2004,
the applicable weighted average interest rate was 4.1%, and as
of December 31, 2003, the applicable weighted average
interest rate was 3.2%.
The prior credit agreement required us, among other things, to
maintain a minimum working capital balance and achieve certain
earnings-related ratios and limited the amount of indebtedness
and certain distributions. The working capital and
earnings-related ratios were calculated based on tax basis
financial statements. At December 31, 2004 and 2003, we
were in compliance with all covenants.
On April 11, 2005, we entered into a $200.0 million
secured revolving credit facility with BNP Paribas, as
administrative agent, Royal Bank of Canada, as syndication
agent, and other lenders, which replaced our prior
48
credit agreement. In connection with the Exploration Partners
acquisition in October 2005, the aggregate commitments available
under the credit facility were increased to $300.0 million.
The amount available for borrowing at any one time is limited to
the borrowing base, which as of December 31, 2005 was set
at $225.0 million.
As of December 31, 2005, we had aggregate borrowings of
$267.0 million outstanding under our credit facility and
subordinated term loan. We used the borrowings under the credit
facility to:
|
|
|
| |
|
repay all outstanding amounts under our previous credit
facility, which we used to finance our acquisitions and meet
working capital requirements; |
| |
| |
|
repay a $5.0 million subordinated term loan from First
National Bank Albany Breckenridge; |
| |
| |
|
pay expenses incurred in connection with the closing of the new
credit facility; |
| |
| |
|
fund the $4.4 million purchase price of assets from
Columbia Natural Resources, LLC; |
| |
| |
|
fund the $5.4 million purchase price of assets from
GasSearch Corporation; |
| |
| |
|
pay $38.3 million in connection with the cancelled (before
their original settlement date) portion of
out-of-the-money
natural gas derivatives; and |
| |
| |
|
fund the $111.4 million purchase price of assets from
Exploration Partners, LLC. |
As described above, we used $122.0 million of the proceeds
from our initial public offering to reduce by $62.0 million
the indebtedness outstanding under the credit facility and to
repay, in full, our $60.0 million subordinated term loan.
On April 7, 2006 we entered into a new $400.0 million
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the Credit
Agreement) with BNP Paribas, as administrative agent,
Royal Bank of Canada and Societe Generale, as syndication
agents, Bank of America, N.A. and Comerica Bank, as
documentation agents, and Bank of Scotland, Fortis Capital Corp.
and Lehman Commercial Paper Inc., which replaced our prior
credit agreement. The Credit Agreement matures on April 13,
2009. The amount available for borrowing at any one time is
limited to the borrowing base, which as of the effective date
was initially set at $235.0 million. The borrowing base
will be redetermined semi-annually by the lenders in their sole
discretion, based on, among other things, reserve reports as
prepared by reserve engineers taking into account the natural
gas and oil prices at such time. Our obligations under the
Credit Agreement are secured by mortgages on our natural gas and
oil properties as well as a pledge of all ownership interests in
our operating subsidiaries. We are required to maintain the
mortgages on properties representing at least 80% of our natural
gas and oil properties. Additionally, the obligations under the
Credit Agreement are guaranteed by all of our operating
subsidiaries and may be guaranteed by any future subsidiaries.
Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are available for
acquisition and development of natural gas and oil properties,
working capital and general corporate purposes. At our election,
interest is determined by reference to:
|
|
|
| |
|
the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) plus an
applicable margin between 1.00% and 1.75% per annum; or |
| |
| |
|
a domestic bank rate plus an applicable margin between 0% and
0.25% per annum. |
Interest is generally payable quarterly for domestic bank rate
loans and at the applicable maturity date for LIBOR loans. The
Credit Agreement contains various covenants that limit our
ability to:
|
|
|
| |
|
incur indebtedness; |
| |
| |
|
grant certain liens; |
| |
| |
|
make certain loans, acquisitions, capital expenditures and
investments; |
| |
| |
|
make distributions other than from available cash; |
| |
| |
|
merge or consolidate; or |
| |
| |
|
engage in certain asset dispositions, including a sale of all or
substantially all of our assets. |
49
The Credit Agreement also contains covenants that, among other
things, require us to maintain specified ratios as follows:
|
|
|
| |
|
consolidated net income plus interest expense, income taxes,
depreciation, depletion, amortization and other similar charges,
minus all non-cash income added to consolidated net income and
giving pro forma effect to any acquisitions or capital
expenditures, to interest expense of not less than 2.5 to 1.0;
and |
| |
| |
|
consolidated current assets, including the unused amount of the
total commitments, to consolidated current liabilities of not
less than 1.0 to 1.0, excluding non-cash assets and obligations
under SFAS No. 133, which includes the current portion of
natural gas and interest rate swaps. |
We have the ability to borrow under the Credit Agreement to pay
distributions to unitholders as long as there has not been a
default or event of default and if the amount of borrowings
outstanding under our Credit Agreement is less than 90% of the
borrowing base. The Credit Agreement does not require the
Company to provide audited consolidated financial statements for
the year ended December 31, 2005 until May 30, 2006.
If an event of default exists under the Credit Agreement, the
lenders will be able to accelerate the maturity of the credit
agreement and exercise other rights and remedies. Each of the
following will be an event of default:
|
|
|
| |
|
default by us on the payment of any other indebtedness in excess
of $1.0 million, or any event occurs that permits or causes
the acceleration of the indebtedness; |
| |
| |
|
bankruptcy or insolvency events involving us or our subsidiaries; |
| |
| |
|
the entry of, and failure to pay, one or more adverse judgments
in excess of $1.0 million or one or more non-monetary
judgments that could reasonably be expected to have a material
adverse effect and for which enforcement proceedings are brought
or that are not stayed pending appeal; |
| |
| |
|
specified events relating to our employee benefit plans that
could reasonably be expected to result in liabilities in excess
of $1.0 million in any year; |
| |
| |
|
a change of control, which includes (1) a decrease to 25%
or less of our managements and Quantum Energy
Partners aggregate ownership in us combined with the
acquisition by a third party of more than 35% of our units, or
(2) the replacement of a majority of our directors by
persons not approved by our Board of Directors; and |
| |
| |
|
certain other customary events of default. |
As of May 12, 2006 we had outstanding indebtedness of
$173.6 million under the credit facility and additional
borrowing ability of $61.4 million.
As we identified the need to restate our financial statements,
we obtained necessary waivers of certain covenants to remain in
compliance with the terms of the credit facility.
Subordinated Term Loan. On October 27, 2005, we
entered into a facility for a $60.0 million second lien
senior subordinated term loan (the subordinated term
loan) with Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent,
Societe Generale, as syndication agent, and other lenders. The
proceeds of the subordinated term loan were used to fund a
portion of the purchase price for the acquisition of natural gas
and oil properties from Exploration Partners. Covenants on the
subordinated term loan are the same as on the credit facility.
As described above, we used $60.0 million of the proceeds
from our initial public offering in the first quarter of 2006 to
repay in full all amounts owing on the subordinated term loan,
and the subordinated term loan was extinguished at that time.
50
Contractual Obligations. A summary of our contractual
obligations as of December 31, 2005 is provided in the
following table.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Payments Due By Year(1)(2) | |
| |
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
After | |
|
|
| |
|
2006(3) | |
|
2007 | |
|
2008 | |
|
2009 | |
|
2010 | |
|
2010 | |
|
Total | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
($ in thousands) | |
|
Subordinated Term Loan(3)
|
|
$ |
60,000 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
60,000 |
|
|
Long-Term Debt Obligations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Long-term notes payable
|
|
|
113 |
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
321 |
|
|
|
808 |
|
| |
|
Credit facility(3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
207,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
207,000 |
|
|
Operating Lease Obligations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Office and office equipment leases
|
|
|
447 |
|
|
|
429 |
|
|
|
399 |
|
|
|
343 |
|
|
|
298 |
|
|
|
1,496 |
|
|
|
3,412 |
|
|
Other Long-Term Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Asset retirement obligation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,443 |
|
|
|
5,443 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
|
|
$ |
60,560 |
|
|
$ |
550 |
|
|
$ |
524 |
|
|
$ |
207,424 |
|
|
$ |
345 |
|
|
$ |
7,260 |
|
|
$ |
276,663 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (1) |
This table does not include any liability associated with
derivatives. |
| |
| (2) |
This table does not include interest as interest rates are
variable and principal balances fluctuate significantly from
period to period. Based on the December 31, 2005
subordinated term loan balance of $60.0 million and an
interest rate of 8.169%, the annual interest expense would be
approximately $4.9 million. Based on the December 31,
2005 credit facility balance of $207.0 million and a
weighted average interest rate of 6.11%, the annual interest
expense would be approximately $12.6 million. |
| |
| (3) |
With the proceeds from our initial public offering in 2006, we
reduced then-existing indebtedness by $122.0 million
including the repayment, in full, of the indebtedness under our
subordinated term loan. |
|
|
|
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements |
As of December 31, 2005, there were no off-balance sheet
arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a
material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial
condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations,
liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and
results of operations are based upon the consolidated financial
statements, which have been prepared in accordance with
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The
preparation of these financial statements requires us to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Certain
accounting policies involve judgments and uncertainties to such
an extent that there is reasonable likelihood that materially
different amounts could have been reported under different
conditions, or if different assumptions had been used. We
evaluate our estimates and assumptions on a regular basis. We
base our estimates on historical experience and various other
assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the
circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making
judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities
that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results
may differ from these estimates and assumptions used in the
preparation of our financial statements. Below, we have provided
expanded discussion of our more significant accounting policies,
estimates and judgments. We believe these accounting policies
reflect our more significant estimates and assumptions used in
the preparation of our financial statements. Please read
Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial
Statements for a discussion of additional accounting policies
and estimates made by management.
Natural Gas and Oil Properties
We account for natural gas and oil properties by the successful
efforts method. Leasehold acquisition costs are capitalized. If
proved reserves are found on an undeveloped property, leasehold
cost is transferred to proved
51
properties. Under this method of accounting, costs relating to
the development of proved areas are capitalized when incurred.
Depreciation and depletion of producing natural gas and oil
properties is recorded based on units of production. Unit rates
are computed for unamortized drilling and development costs
using proved developed reserves and for acquisition costs using
all proved reserves. SFAS No. 19 Financial
Accounting and Reporting for Oil and Gas Producing Companies
requires that acquisition costs of proved properties be
amortized on the basis of all proved reserves, developed and
undeveloped and that capitalized development costs (wells and
related equipment and facilities) be amortized on the basis of
proved developed reserves. As more fully described in
Note 15 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial
Statements, proved reserves are estimated by an independent
petroleum engineer, Schlumberger Data and Consulting Services,
and are subject to future revisions based on availability of
additional information. As described in Note 11 of the
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, we follow
SFAS No. 143 Accounting for Asset
Retirement Obligations. Under SFAS No. 143,
estimated asset retirement costs are recognized when the asset
is placed in service and are amortized over proved developed
reserves using the units of production method. Asset retirement
costs are estimated by our engineers using existing regulatory
requirements and anticipated future inflation rates.
Geological, geophysical and dry hole costs on natural gas and
oil properties relating to unsuccessful wells are charged to
expense as incurred.
Upon sale or retirement of complete fields of depreciable or
depleted property, the book value thereof, less proceeds or
salvage value, is charged or credited to income. On sale or
retirement of an individual well the proceeds are credited to
accumulated depreciation and depletion.
Natural gas and oil properties are reviewed for impairment when
facts and circumstances indicate that their carrying value may
not be recoverable. We assess impairment of capitalized costs of
proved natural gas and oil properties by comparing net
capitalized costs to estimated undiscounted future net cash
flows using expected prices. If net capitalized costs exceed
estimated undiscounted future net cash flows, the measurement of
impairment is based on estimated fair value, which would
consider estimated future discounted cash flows. No impairments
were recorded in 2003, 2004 or 2005.
Unproven properties that are individually insignificant are
amortized. Unproved properties that are individually significant
are assessed for impairment on a property-by-property basis. If
considered impaired, costs are charged to expense when such
impairment is deemed to have occurred.
Natural Gas and Oil Reserve Quantities
Our estimate of proved reserves is based on the quantities of
natural gas and oil that engineering and geological analyses
demonstrate, with reasonable certainty, to be recoverable from
established reservoirs in the future under current operating and
economic parameters. Schlumberger Data and Consulting Services
prepares a reserve and economic evaluation of all our properties
on a well-by-well basis.
Reserves and their relation to estimated future net cash flows
impact our depletion and impairment calculations. As a result,
adjustments to depletion and impairment are made concurrently
with changes to reserve estimates. We prepare our reserve
estimates, and the projected cash flows derived from these
reserve estimates, in accordance with SEC guidelines. The
independent engineering firm described above adheres to the same
guidelines when preparing their reserve reports. The accuracy of
our reserve estimates is a function of many factors including
the following: the quality and quantity of available data, the
interpretation of that data, the accuracy of various mandated
economic assumptions and the judgments of the individuals
preparing the estimates.
Our proved reserve estimates are a function of many assumptions,
all of which could deviate significantly from actual results. As
such, reserve estimates may materially vary from the ultimate
quantities of natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil
eventually recovered.
52
Revenue Recognition
Sales of natural gas and oil are recognized when natural gas has
been delivered to a custody transfer point, persuasive evidence
of a sales arrangement exists, the rights and responsibility of
ownership pass to the purchaser upon delivery, collection of
revenue from the sale is reasonably assured and the sales price
is fixed or determinable. We sell natural gas on a monthly
basis. Virtually all of our contracts pricing provisions
are tied to a market index, with certain adjustments based on,
among other factors, whether a well delivers to a gathering or
transmission line, quality of natural gas and prevailing supply
and demand conditions, so that the price of the natural gas
fluctuates to remain competitive with other available natural
gas supplies. As a result, our revenues from the sale of natural
gas will suffer if market prices decline and benefit if they
increase. We believe that the pricing provisions of our natural
gas contracts are customary in the industry.
We currently use the Net-Back method of accounting
for transportation arrangements of our natural gas sales. We
sell natural gas at the wellhead and collect a price and
recognize revenues based on the wellhead sales price since
transportation costs downstream of the wellhead are incurred by
our customers and reflected in the wellhead price.
Gas imbalances occur when we sell more or less than our entitled
ownership percentage of total gas production. Any amount
received in excess of our share is treated as a liability. If we
receive less than our entitled share the underproduction is
recorded as a receivable. We did not have any significant gas
imbalance positions at December 31, 2004 or 2005.
Natural gas marketing is recorded on the gross accounting
method. Penn West, our marketing subsidiary which began
operations effective November 1, 2004, purchases natural
gas from many small producers and bundles the natural gas
together to sell in larger amounts to purchasers of natural gas
for a price advantage. Penn West has latitude in establishing
price and discretion in supplier and purchaser selection.
Natural gas marketing revenues and expenses reflect the full
cost and revenue of those transactions because Penn West takes
title to the natural gas it purchases from the various producers
and bears the risks and enjoys the benefits of that ownership.
Penn West had natural gas marketing revenues of $520,340 and
$4,722,587 and natural gas marketing expenses of $481,993 and
$4,400,845 in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
Natural gas gathering and transportation revenue is recognized
when the gas has been delivered to a custody transfer point. We
perform natural gas gathering activities pursuant to which we
gather and transport third party gas to a downstream pipeline.
We only transport, and do not take ownership of, such third
party gas.
We are paid a monthly operating fee for each well we operate for
outside owners. The fee covers monthly operating and accounting
costs, insurance and other recurring costs. As the operating fee
is a reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of third parties,
the fee has been netted against general and administrative
expense.
Derivative Instruments
We periodically use derivative financial instruments to achieve
a more predictable cash flow from our natural gas production by
reducing our exposure to price fluctuations. Currently, these
transactions consist of fixed price swaps and puts.
Additionally, we use derivative financial instruments in the
form of interest rate swaps to mitigate our interest rate
exposure. We account for these activities pursuant to
SFAS No. 133 Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended. This
statement establishes accounting and reporting standards
requiring that derivative instruments (including certain
derivative instruments embedded in other contracts) be recorded
at fair market value and included in the balance sheet as assets
or liabilities.
The accounting for changes in the fair market value of a
derivative instrument depends on the intended use of the
derivative instrument and the resulting designation, which is
established at the inception of a derivative instrument.
SFAS No. 133 requires that a company formally
document, at the inception of a hedge, the hedging relationship
and the companys risk management objective and strategy
for undertaking the hedge, including identification of the
hedging instrument, the hedged item or transaction, the nature
of the risk being hedged, the method that will be used to assess
effectiveness and the method that will be used to measure hedge
ineffectiveness of derivative instruments that receive hedge
accounting treatment.
53
A put option requires us to pay the counterparty the fair value
of the option at the purchase date and receive from the
counterparty the excess, if any, of the fixed floor over the
floating market price. The costs incurred to enter into the
transactions are expensed as incurred, and the change in fair
market value of the instrument is reported in the statement of
operations each period.
We did not specifically designate the derivative instruments we
established as hedges under SFAS No. 133, even though
they protected us from changes in commodity prices. Therefore,
the mark to market of these instruments was recorded in our
current earnings. Further, these amounts represent non-cash
charges.
Acquisitions
The establishment of our asset base through December 31,
2005 has included nine acquisitions of natural gas and oil
properties. These acquisitions have been accounted for using the
purchase method of accounting.
Under the purchase method, the acquiring company adds to its
balance sheet the estimated fair values of the acquired
companys assets and liabilities. Any excess of the
purchase price over the fair values of the tangible and
intangible net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill
is assessed for impairment at least annually. In each of our
acquisitions it was determined that the purchase price did not
exceed the fair value of the net assets acquired. Therefore, no
goodwill was recorded.
There are various assumptions we make in determining the fair
values of acquired assets and liabilities. The most significant
assumptions, and the ones requiring the most judgment, involve
the estimated fair values of the natural gas and oil properties
acquired. To determine the fair values of these properties, we
prepare estimates of natural gas and oil reserves. These
estimates are based on work performed by our engineers and that
of outside consultants. The fair value of reserves acquired in a
business combination must be based on our estimates of future
natural gas and oil prices and not the market prices at the time
of the acquisition. Our estimates of future prices are based on
our own analysis of pricing trends. These estimates are based on
current data obtained with regard to regional and worldwide
supply and demand dynamics such as economic growth forecasts.
They also are based on industry data regarding natural gas
storage availability, drilling rig activity, changes in delivery
capacity, trends in regional pricing differentials and other
fundamental analysis. Forecasts of future prices from
independent third parties are noted when we make our pricing
estimates.
We estimate future prices to apply to the estimated reserve
quantities acquired, and estimate future operating and
development costs, to arrive at estimates of future net
revenues. For estimated proved reserves, the future net revenues
are then discounted using a rate determined appropriate at the
time of the business combination based upon our cost of capital.
We also apply these same general principles in arriving at the
fair value of unevaluated properties acquired in a business
combination. These unevaluated properties generally represent
the value of probable and possible reserves. Because of their
very nature, probable and possible reserve estimates are more
imprecise than those of proved reserves. To compensate for the
inherent risk of estimating and valuing probable and possible
reserves, we apply a risk-weighting factor to probable and
possible volumes to reduce the estimated reserve volumes.
Additionally, we increase the discount factor, compared to
proved reserves, to recognize the additional uncertainties
related to determining the value of probable and possible
reserves.
Stock Based Compensation
We account for stock based compensation pursuant to
SFAS No. 123(R) Share-Based
Payment. SFAS No. 123(R) requires an entity to
recognize the grant-date fair-value of stock options and other
equity-based compensation issued to employees in the income
statement and eliminates the alternative to use the intrinsic
value method of accounting that was provided in
SFAS No. 123, which generally resulted in no
compensation expense recorded in the financial statements
related to the issuance of equity awards to employees. It
establishes fair value as the measurement objective in
accounting for share-based payment arrangements and requires all
companies to apply a fair-value-based measurement method in
accounting for generally all share-based payment transactions
with employees. On March 29, 2005, the SEC staff issued
Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB)
No. 107 Share-Based Payment, to express
the views of the staff regarding the interaction between
SFAS No. 123(R) and certain
54
SEC rules and regulations and to provide the staffs views
regarding the valuation of share-based payment arrangements for
public companies. We recorded no stock based compensation
expense for the period March 14, 2003 (inception) to
December 31, 2003 or for the years ended December 31,
2004 and 2005 as there were no share-based payments made during
the respective periods.
Pursuant to the terms of executive employment agreements, in
January 2006 we issued 228,909 restricted units vesting in equal
installments over two years from our initial public offering
date, a unit grant of 114,455 immediately vested units, and
aggregate options to purchase 222,500 units, at our initial
public offering price, vesting in equal annual installments over
three years from our initial public offering date. We will also
issue 625,781 unrestricted units if our President and Chief
Executive Officer remains employed with us one year from our
initial public offering date. Additionally, during the first
quarter of 2006, we issued options to purchase, at the fair
market value of our units on the grant date, an aggregate
30,000 units to our independent directors pursuant to their
compensation arrangements which vested immediately and aggregate
options to purchase 203,585 units to certain officers and
employees which vest in equal annual installments over three
years from the grant date. We estimate that the issuance of
these share-based payments will result in approximately
$21 million of expense over the three-year period
subsequent to the completion of our initial public offering,
approximately $17 million of which will be recognized in
2006, which will be accounted for as prescribed by
SFAS No. 123(R) Share-Based Payment.
Newly Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
On March 30, 2005, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) issued FASB Interpretation (FIN)
No. 47 Accounting for Conditional Asset
Retirement Obligations. This interpretation clarifies that
the term conditional asset retirement obligation as
used in SFAS No. 143 refers to a legal obligation to
perform an asset retirement activity in which the timing and/or
method of settlement are conditional on a future event that may
or may not be within the control of the entity incurring the
obligation. The obligation to perform the asset retirement
activity is unconditional even though uncertainty exists about
the timing and/or method of settlement. Thus, the timing and/or
method of settlement may be conditional on a future event.
Accordingly, an entity is required to recognize a liability for
the fair value of a conditional asset retirement obligation if
the fair value of the liability can be reasonably estimated.
Uncertainty about the timing and/or method of settlement of a
conditional asset retirement obligation should be factored into
the measurement of the liability, rather than the timing of
recognition of the liability, when sufficient information
exists. FIN No. 47 was effective for us at the end of
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005. The application of
FIN No. 47 did not have a significant impact on our
financial position or results of operations.
On April 4, 2005, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position
(FSP) No. 19-1 Accounting for
Suspended Well Costs. This staff position amends
SFAS No. 19 Financial Accounting and
Reporting by Oil and Gas Producing Companies and provides
guidance about exploratory well costs to companies which use the
successful efforts method of accounting. The position states
that exploratory well costs should continue to be capitalized
if: (1) a sufficient quantity of reserves are discovered in
the well to justify its completion as a producing well and
(2) sufficient progress is made in assessing the reserves
and the wells economic and operating feasibility. If the
exploratory well costs do not meet both of these criteria, these
costs should be expensed, net of any salvage value. Additional
annual disclosures are required to provide information about
managements evaluation of capitalized exploratory well
costs. In addition, FSP No. 19-1 requires annual disclosure
of:
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net changes from period to period of capitalized exploratory
well costs for wells that are pending the determination of
proved reserves; |
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the amount of exploratory well costs that have been capitalized
for a period greater than one year after the completion of
drilling; and |
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|
an aging of exploratory well costs suspended for greater than
one year with the number of wells to which they related. |
Further, the disclosures should describe the activities
undertaken to evaluate the reserves and the projects, the
information still required to classify the associated reserves
as proved and the estimated timing for completing the
55
evaluation. The guidance in FSP No. 19-1 was adopted in the
third quarter of 2005. The application of FSP No. 19-1 did
not have a significant impact on our financial position or
results of operations.
In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, which replaces
APB Opinion No. 20 Accounting Changes,
and SFAS No. 3 Reporting Accounting
Changes in Interim Financial Statements.
SFAS No. 154 changes the requirements for the
accounting and reporting of a change in accounting principle.
APB Opinion No. 20 previously required that most voluntary
changes in an accounting principle be recognized by including
the cumulative effect of the new accounting principle in net
income of the period of the change. SFAS No. 154 now
requires retrospective application of changes in an accounting
principle to prior period financial statements, unless it is
impracticable to determine either the period-specific effects or
the cumulative effect of the change. SFAS No. 154 is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2005. We do not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 154 to
have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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| Item 7A. |
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |
The primary objective of the following information is to provide
forward-looking quantitative and qualitative information about
our potential exposure to market risks. The term market
risk refers to the risk of loss arising from adverse
changes in natural gas prices and interest rates. The
disclosures are not meant to be precise indicators of expected
future losses, but rather indicators of reasonably possible
losses. This forward-looking information provides indicators of
how we view and manage our ongoing market risk exposures. All of
our market risk sensitive instruments were entered into for
purposes other than speculative trading.
Commodity Price Risk
Our major market risk exposure is in the pricing applicable to
our natural gas production. Realized pricing is primarily driven
by the spot market prices applicable to our natural gas
production and the prevailing price for crude oil. Pricing for
natural gas production has been volatile and unpredictable for
several years, and we expect this volatility to continue in the
future. The prices we receive for production depend on many
factors outside of our control.
We periodically have entered into and anticipate entering into
derivative arrangements with respect to a portion of our
projected natural gas production through various transactions
that reduce our exposure to the volatility the future prices
received. These transactions may include price swaps whereby we
will receive a fixed price for our production and pay a variable
market price to the contract counterparty. At the settlement
date, we receive the excess, if any, of the fixed floor over the
floating rate. Additionally, we have put options for which we
pay the counterparty the fair value at the purchase date. These
derivative transactions activities are intended to support
natural gas prices at targeted levels and to manage our exposure
to natural gas price fluctuations. We do not hold or issue
derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes.
Based on natural gas prices as of December 31, 2005, the
fair value of our derivatives that settle during 2006 was an
asset of $1.6 million and a liability of $10.8 million for a net
liability of $9.2 million, which we owe to the
counterparty. A 10% increase in the index natural gas price
above the December 31, 2005 price for 2006 would increase
the liability by approximately $7.1 million; conversely, a
10% decrease in the index natural gas price would decrease the
liability by approximately $7.1 million.
Our derivatives for 2006 through 2009 are summarized in the
table presented above under Item 7, Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations Cash Flow from Operations in this
Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
Interest Rate Risks
At December 31, 2005, we had debt outstanding of
$267.0 million, which incurred interest at floating rates
in accordance with our revolving credit facility and
subordinated term loan. As of December 31, 2005, the
one-month LIBOR was approximately 4.4%. A 1% increase in LIBOR
as of December 31, 2005 would result in an estimated
$2.7 million increase in annual interest expense.
56
In 2003, we entered into two interest rate swap agreements to
minimize the effect of fluctuation in interest rates. The
agreements have a notional amount of $30.0 million each.
One of the interest rate swap agreements settled quarterly in
2005 and the second settles quarterly in 2006, and we are
required to pay a rate of 3.2% and 4.3%, respectively, while
receiving a floating rate. In 2004, we entered into two
additional interest rate swap agreements with a notional amount
of $50.0 million each. These interest rate swap agreements
settle quarterly in 2007 and 2008, and we are required to pay a
rate of 5.2% and 5.7%, respectively, while receiving a floating
rate. In 2005, in connection with our new credit facility, we
transferred these four interest rate swap agreements to a
different third party financial institution. As a consequence of
the transfer of these four agreements, the fixed interest rate
we pay on each agreement increased by seven basis points.
Also in 2004, we entered into two additional interest rate swap
agreements with a notional amount of $20.0 million each.
One of the agreements settled quarterly in 2005 and the second
settles quarterly in 2006. We are required to pay a rate of 3.1%
and 4.4%, respectively, while receiving a floating rate. As of
December 31, 2005, the fair value of the interest rate
swaps that settle in 2006 was an asset of $0.2 million.
A 1% change in LIBOR as of December 31, 2005 would result
in an estimated $1.5 million change in 2006 interest
expense associated with our interest swap agreements.
Under the terms of the swap agreements, we receive quarterly
interest payments at the three month LIBOR rate.
We did not specifically designate the interest rate swap
agreements we entered into as hedges under
SFAS No. 133, even though they protect us from changes
in interest rates. Therefore, the mark to market of these
instruments was recorded in our current earnings. Further, these
amounts represent non-cash charges.
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| Item 8. |
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,
Consolidated Financial Statements and supplementary financial
data required for this Item are set forth on pages F-1 through
F-31 of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K and are
incorporated herein by reference.
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| Item 9. |
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure |
Effective February 25, 2005, KPMG, LLP, a PCAOB registered
accounting firm, was engaged as our principal accountant in
connection with our initial public offering. Toothman Rice,
PLLC, our prior independent accountant, is not a PCAOB
registered firm. There were no disagreements on accounting and
financial disclosure matters with Toothman Rice PLLC.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. We
carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the
participation of our management, including the Chief Executive
Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of
the design and operation of our disclosure controls and
procedures pursuant to Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15
(e) and 15d-15(e)
as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. Based
upon this evaluation and the material weakness described below,
the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer
concluded that the Companys disclosure controls and
procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2005.
Material weakness in internal control. The Company
identified material weaknesses related to polices and procedures
to ensure accurate and reliable interim and annual consolidated
financial statements. Specifically, the Company lacked
(i) personnel with sufficient technical accounting and
financial reporting expertise, (ii) adequate review
controls over account reconciliations and account analyses,
(iii) policies and procedures in place to determine and
document the appropriate application of accounting principles
and (iv) policies and procedures requiring a detailed and
comprehensive review of the underlying information supporting
the amounts included in the annual and interim consolidated
financial statements and disclosures. These deficiencies
resulted in material errors in the accounting for oil and gas
acquisitions and capitalization of certain drilling and lease
acquisition costs and operating receivables as of and for the
period ended December 31, 2003 and the year ended
December 31, 2004, and for the nine months ended
September 30, 2004 and 2005, for which the Company
57
restated its consolidated financial statements. In addition,
these deficiencies resulted in errors in depreciation, depletion
and amortization, lease operating and general and administrative
costs, and operating receivables as of and for the year ended
December 31, 2005, which were corrected prior to the
issuance of the 2005 consolidated financial statements.
In preparing this Annual Report on
Form 10-K, we
addressed the material weakness in our internal control over
financial reporting by significantly expanding our closing
process to include additional analyses and other post-closing
procedures to provide reasonable assurance that the consolidated
financial statements included in this report fairly present in
all material respects our consolidated financial position,
results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting.
There have been no changes in our internal control over
financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13(a)
15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the last
quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely
to materially affect our internal control over financial
reporting.
Remediation activities. During 2006, management
identified the material weakness in our internal control over
financial reporting and management has taken and is taking the
following steps to strengthen our internal control over
financial reporting:
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1. We engaged outside consultants with extensive natural
gas and oil financial reporting experience to augment our
current accounting resources to assist with this Annual Report
on Form 10-K and
future filings. |
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2. We performed additional analysis and other post closing
procedures to enable the preparation of accurate consolidated
financial statements, including all required disclosures. |
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3. We have developed and implemented a process for
determining the effective accounting date for an oil and gas
property acquisition and formalized procedures necessary to
appropriately account for future acquisitions. |
While we have taken certain actions to address the material
weakness identified, additional measures will be necessary and
these measures, along with other measures we expect to take to
improve our internal control over financial reporting, may not
be sufficient to address the material weakness identified to
provide reasonable assurance that our internal control over
financial reporting is effective.
Beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2007,
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 will require
us to include an internal control report of management with our
Annual Report on
Form 10-K. The
internal control report must contain (1) a statement of
managements responsibility for establishing and
maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting,
(2) a statement identifying the framework used by
management to conduct the required evaluation of the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting,
(3) managements assessment of the effectiveness of
our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of
our most recent fiscal year, including a statement as to whether
or not our internal control over financial reporting is
effective, and (4) a statement that our registered
independent public accountants have issued an attestation report
on managements assessment of our internal control over
financial reporting.
In order to achieve compliance with Section 404 within the
prescribed period, management has begun to assess the adequacy
of our internal control over financial reporting, remediate any
control weaknesses that may be identified, validate through
testing that controls are functioning as designed and implement
a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal
control over financial reporting. In connection with these
efforts, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 we
began the process of implementing measures related to the
documentation of controls and procedures; segregation of duties,
timely reconciliations, and the level of experience in public
company accounting among our financial and accounting staff.
We expect to continue to make changes in our internal control
over financial reporting during the periods prior to
December 31, 2007 in connection with our Section 404
compliance efforts.
Limitations of the effectiveness of internal control. A
control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can
provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the
objectives of the internal control system
58
are met. Because of the inherent limitations of any internal
control system, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute
assurance that all control issues, if any, within a company have
been detected.
Item 9B. Other
Information
None.
PART III
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| Item 10. |
Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant |
The following table shows information, as of May 1, 2006,
for members of our Board of Directors and our executive
officers. Members of our Board of Directors are elected for
one-year terms.
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| Name |
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Age | |
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Position with Our Company |
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Michael C. Linn
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54 |
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President and Chief Executive Officer |
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Kolja Rockov
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35 |
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Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
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Thomas A. Lopus
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47 |
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Senior Vice President Operations |
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Roland Chip P. Keddie
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53 |
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Senior Vice President Secretary |
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David J. Grecco
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39 |
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Vice President and General Counsel |
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Donald T. Robinson
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31 |
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Chief Accounting Officer |
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Toby R. Neugebauer
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35 |
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Chairman |
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George A. Alcorn
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73 |
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Independent Director |
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Terrence S. Jacobs
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62 |
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Independent Director |
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Jeffrey C. Swoveland
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50 |
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Independent Director |
Michael C. Linn is the President and Chief Executive
Officer of our company and has served in such capacity since
March 2003. From April 1991 to March 2003, Mr. Linn was
President of Allegheny Interests, Inc., a private natural gas
and oil investment company. From 1980 to 1999, Mr. Linn
served as General Counsel (1980-1982), Vice President
(1982-1987), President (1987-1990) and CEO (1990-1999) of
Meridian Exploration, a private Appalachian Basin natural gas
and oil company which was sold to Columbia Natural Gas Company
in 1999. Both Allegheny Interests and Meridian Exploration were
wholly-owned by Mr. Linn and his family. Mr. Linn is a
member of the Independent Petroleum Association of America
(IPAA), the largest national trade association of
independent natural gas and oil producers. The members of the
IPAA elected Mr. Linn to be the Chairman for the 2005 to
2007 term. He currently serves as a member of the Natural Gas
Council and the National Petroleum Council and sits on the board
of the Natural Gas Supply Association.
Kolja Rockov is the Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer of our company. From October 2004 until he
joined Linn Energy in March 2005, Mr. Rockov served as a
Managing Director in the Energy Group at RBC Capital Markets,
where he was primarily responsible for investment banking
coverage of the U.S. exploration and production sector.
From September 2000 until October 2004, Mr. Rockov was a
Director at RBC Capital Markets. Prior to September 2000,
Mr. Rockov held various senior positions with Dain Rauscher
Wessels and Rauscher Pierce Refsnes, Inc., predecessors of RBC
Capital Markets.
Thomas A. Lopus is the Senior Vice President
Operations. Mr. Lopus joined Linn Operating in April 2006,
to oversee all of the Companys drilling and production,
engineering, land and geology operations. From March 2005 to
March 2006, Mr. Lopus served as President of PNG Inc., a
petroleum engineering consulting business. From February 2002
until March 2005, Mr. Lopus was Senior Vice
President Operations of Equitable Resources, Inc.
From February 2000 until February 2002, Mr. Lopus was Vice
President of WELLOGIX, an energy software firm based in Houston.
From September 1980 until February 2000, Mr. Lopus was
employed in various engineering, supervisory and management
roles including U.S. Operations Manager for TotalFINA and its
predecessor entities. Mr. Lopus is a registered petroleum
engineer and currently serves on the Penn State University
Industry Advisory Board for Petroleum and Natural Gas
Engineering. In addition, he has held a variety of elected and
appointed positions with the Society of Petroleum Engineers,
Independent Petroleum Association of America and the American
Petroleum Institute.
59
Roland Chip P. Keddie is the Senior Vice
President Secretary of our company and has served in
such capacity since April 2003. From January 2001 until April
2003, Mr. Keddie held the position of Project Landman with
EOG Resources, Inc. and was responsible for various land
services in the Appalachian Basin with a special emphasis on
coalbed methane projects. Mr. Keddie formed Gateway
Resources Management, LLC, a professional land services
business, in October 1999 was its sole member and President
until January 2001. He currently serves as a board member of the
Independent Oil and Gas Association of Pennsylvania and is a
member of the American Association of Petroleum Landmen, the
Independent Oil and Gas Association of New York, the Independent
Oil and Gas Association of West Virginia and the Independent
Petroleum Association of America.
David J. Grecco is the Vice President and General Counsel
of our company and has served in such capacity since February
2006. Mr. Grecco joined our company as General Counsel in
December 2005. From September 1997 until October 2005,
Mr. Grecco was employed as an attorney with the law firm
Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Nicholson Graham LLP. Prior to
that, Mr. Grecco was employed by Rockwell International
Corporation from March 1993 through June 1996 most recently
serving as Manager, Special Tax Projects, and also practiced as
a Certified Public Accountant at Price Waterhouse LLP
(PricewaterhouseCoopers) from September 1988 through March 1993.
Donald T. Robinson is the Chief Accounting Officer of our
company. Mr. Robinson joined Linn Energy in April 2005.
From July 2004 until April 2005, Mr. Robinson was the
partner-in-charge of
the accounting and auditing department of Toothman Rice PLLC, an
independent accounting firm which specializes in the natural gas
and oil industry. Mr. Robinson was a manager with Toothman
Rice from July 2002 to July 2004. Prior to joining Toothman
Rice, Mr. Robinson was an assurance accountant with Arthur
Andersen from August 1997 to July 2002. Mr. Robinson is a
CPA and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants and the West Virginia Society of Certified Public
Accountants.
Toby R. Neugebauer is the Chairman of our Board of
Directors. Mr. Neugebauer has served as a director of our
company since March 2003 and he was appointed as Chairman in
January 2006. Mr. Neugebauer is a
co-founder and since
1997 has been a Managing Partner of Quantum Energy Partners, a
private equity fund specializing in the energy industry and an
affiliate of Linn Energy. Prior to co-founding Quantum Energy
Partners in 1997, Mr. Neugebauer co-founded Windrock
Capital, Ltd., an energy investment banking firm specializing in
raising private equity and providing merger, acquisition and
divestiture advice for energy companies. Before co-founding
Windrock Capital, Ltd. in 1994, Mr. Neugebauer was an
investment banker in Kidder, Peabody & Co.s Natural
Resources Group. Mr. Neugebauer currently serves on the
boards of Rockford Energy Partners II, LLC, Ensight Energy
Partners, LP, Meritage Energy Partners, LLC, Meritage Energy
Partners II, LLC, Denali Oil & Gas Partners, LP,
Stratagem Energy Corp. and EnergyQuest Resources, LP, all of
which are private energy companies.
George A. Alcorn was appointed to our Board of Directors
in January 2006. Mr. Alcorn is an independent director and
serves as Chairman of our nominating and conflicts committees.
Mr. Alcorn has served as President of Alcorn Exploration,
Inc., a private exploration and production company, since 1982.
Mr. Alcorn is also a member of the board of directors of
EOG Resources, Inc. He is a past chairman of the Independent
Petroleum Association of America and a founding member and past
chairman of the Natural Gas Council.
Terrence S. Jacobs was appointed to our Board of
Directors in January 2006. Mr. Jacobs is an independent
director and serves as Chairman of our audit committee.
Mr. Jacobs has served as President of Penneco Oil Company,
which provides ongoing leasing, marketing, exploration and
drilling operations for natural gas and crude oil in Western
Pennsylvania and West Virginia, since 1995. Mr. Jacobs
currently serves on the boards of directors of Penneco Oil
Company and affiliates, Rockwood Casualty Insurance Company,
Somerset Casualty Insurance Company and First Commonwealth Bank.
Mr. Jacobs served as President of the Independent Oil and
Gas Association of Pennsylvania from 1999 to 2001 and from 2003
to 2005 and has served as a director of the Independent
Petroleum Association of America for the states of Delaware,
Maryland, Pennsylvania and New York West since 2000.
Mr. Jacobs is a Certified Public Accountant in Pennsylvania.
Jeffrey C. Swoveland was appointed to our Board of
Directors in January 2006. Mr. Swoveland is an independent
director and serves as Chairman of our compensation committee.
Mr. Swoveland has served as Chief Financial Officer of Body
Media, a life-science company specializing in the design and
development of wearable
60
body monitoring products and services, since September 2000.
Mr. Swoveland served as Vice President Finance
and Treasurer of Equitable Resources, Inc., a diversified
natural gas company, from July 1999 to September 2000. He served
as Interim Chief Financial Officer of Equitable Resources, Inc.
from October 1997 to July 1999. Mr. Swoveland currently
serves as a member of the board of directors of Petroleum
Development Corporation.
Composition of the Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors consists of five members, each of whom
will serve as directors until the date of the 2007 annual
meeting of unitholders or their earlier death, resignation, or
removal. Each of Messrs. George A. Alcorn, Terrence S.
Jacobs and Jeffrey C. Swoveland have been determined by the
Board of Directors to satisfy the independence requirements of
The Nasdaq National Market and SEC rules. Beginning with our
2007 annual meeting of unitholders, members of our Board of
Directors will be elected by our unitholders and will be subject
to re-election on an annual basis at each annual meeting of
unitholders.
Our Board of Directors holds regular and special meetings at any
time as may be necessary. Regular meetings may be held without
notice on dates set by the Board from time to time. Special
meetings of the Board may be called with reasonable notice to
each member upon request of the chairman of the Board or upon
the written request of any three Board members. A quorum for a
regular or special meeting will exist when a majority of the
members are participating in the meeting either in person or by
telephone conference. Any action required or permitted to be
taken at a Board meeting may be taken without a meeting, without
prior notice and without a vote if all of the members sign a
written consent authorizing the action.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors established an audit committee, a
compensation committee, a conflicts committee, and a nominating
committee. Each committee consists of Messrs. Alcorn,
Jacobs and Swoveland, each of whom is an independent director.
We make available on our website under the Investor
Relations heading the charters for our audit,
compensation, conflicts and nominating committees.
Audit Committee. The audit committee recommends to the
Board the independent registered public accounting firm to audit
our financial statements and establishes the scope of, and
oversees, the annual audit. The committee also approves any
other services provided by public accounting firms. The audit
committee provides assistance to the Board in fulfilling its
oversight responsibility to the unitholders, the investment
community and others relating to the integrity of our financial
statements, our compliance with legal and regulatory
requirements, and the independent auditors qualifications
and independence. The audit committee also oversees our system
of disclosure controls and procedures and system of internal
controls regarding financial, accounting, legal compliance and
ethics that management and the Board have established. In doing
so, it is the responsibility of the audit committee to maintain
free and open communication between the committee and our
independent registered public accounting firm, the internal
accounting function and management of our company.
The Board of Directors has determined Mr. Jacobs, the
chairman of the audit committee, is an audit committee
financial expert, as defined under SEC rules.
Compensation Committee. The compensation committee
reviews the compensation and benefits of our executive officers,
establishes and reviews general policies related to our
compensation and benefits and administers our Long-Term
Incentive Plan. The compensation committee determines the
compensation of our executive officers. During fiscal year 2005,
we had no compensation committee, and our pre-offering Board of
Directors determined executive compensation.
Conflicts Committee. The conflicts committee reviews
specific matters that the Board believes may involve conflicts
of interest. The conflicts committee determines if the
resolution of the conflict of interest is fair and reasonable to
our company. Our limited liability company agreement provides
that members of the committee may not be officers or employees
of our company or directors, officers or employees of any of our
affiliates and must meet the independence standards for service
on an audit committee of a board of directors as established by
61
The Nasdaq National Market and SEC rules. Any matters approved
by the conflicts committee will be conclusively deemed to be
fair and reasonable to our company and approved by all of our
unitholders.
Nominating Committee. The nominating committee nominates
candidates to serve on our Board of Directors and approves
director compensation. The nominating committee also is
responsible for developing and monitoring a process to assess
director, Board and committee effectiveness, developing and
implementing our corporate governance guidelines and otherwise
taking a leadership role in shaping the corporate governance of
our company.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider
Participation
None of our executive officers serves as a member of the board
of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has
one or more of its executive officers serving as a member of our
Board of Directors or compensation committee.
Audit Committee Report
The primary purpose of the audit committee is to assist the
Board of Directors in fulfilling its responsibility to oversee
the Companys financial reporting activities. The audit
committee meets with the Companys independent registered
public accounting firm and reviews the scope of their audit,
report and recommendations. The audit committee also has sole
authority for the selection of the Companys independent
registered public accounting firm. The audit committee members
reviewed and discussed the audited financial statements for the
year ended December 31, 2005 with management. The audit
committee also discussed all matters required to be discussed by
Statement of Auditing Standard No. 61 with the
Companys independent registered public accounting firm,
KPMG, LLP. The audit committee reviewed the written disclosures
and the letter from KPMG, LLP, as required by Independence
Standards Board No. 1 and has discussed the independence of
KPMG, LLP with representatives of such firm.
Based on their review and the discussions described above, the
audit committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the
Companys audited financial statements be included in the
Companys Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 2005 and be filed with the SEC.
AUDIT COMMITTEE:
Terrence S. Jacobs (Chairman)
George A. Alcorn
Jeffrey C. Swoveland
Communication with the Board of Directors
Unitholders may communicate with the Board of Directors
regarding corporate governance matters by mailing all such
communications to the following address:
Chair of Nominating Committee
c/o Linn Energy, LLC
650 Washington Road
8th Floor
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
Attention: Vice President and General Counsel
Director Compensation
Each independent director (as determined by the Board of
Directors pursuant to applicable Nasdaq listing standards)
serving on the Board of Directors of the Company receives an
annual cash retainer of $25,000. Additionally, each independent
director serving on the audit committee of the Company receives
cash compensation of $25,000. The chairmen of the Companys
audit, compensation, nominating and conflicts committees receive
an additional $2,000. In connection with his or her initial
appointment or election to the
62
Board of Directors, each independent director is entitled to
receive an option to acquire 10,000 units of the Company at
an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the units on
the grant date, vesting immediately. Upon any subsequent
re-election to the Board of Directors, each independent director
is entitled to receive an option to acquire 10,000 units of
the Company at an exercise price equal to the fair market value
of the units on the grant date, vesting over 3 years from
the grant date in annual 1/3 increments, with certain exceptions.
Prior to our initial public offering in January 2006, there were
no compensation arrangements in effect for service as a director
of our company.
Code of Ethics
The Company has adopted a code of ethics that applies to its
principal executive officer, principal financial officer,
principal accounting officer and other senior financial
officers, and which meets the definition of a code of
ethics under applicable SEC rules. The Companys Code
of Ethics for Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial
Officers is available free of charge on the internet at the
Companys website located at
http://www.linnenergy.com under the Investor
Relations heading. The Company intends to post on its
website any amendments to such code, or any waiver from a
provision of the code relating to the elements of a code
of ethics under SEC rules, where such waiver is to the
principal executive officer, principal financial officer,
principal accounting officer or controller (or persons
performing similar functions).
All of the Companys directors, officers and employees are
subject to the Companys Code of Business Conduct and
Ethics, which is also available free of charge on the internet
at the website address and location set forth above.
|
|
| Item 11. |
Executive Compensation |
The following table sets forth information concerning the
compensation for services rendered in all capacities to Linn
Energy, LLC and its subsidiaries for the years ended
December 31, 2005 and 2004 for our President and Chief
Executive Officer and our four other most highly compensated
executive officers.
Summary Compensation Table
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Annual Compensation |
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Other Annual |
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All Other |
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Year |
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Salary($) |
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Bonus($) |
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Compensation(1)($) |
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Compensation(2)($) |
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Michael C. Linn
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2005 |
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200,000 |
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$ |
8,400 |
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President and Chief |
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2004 |
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118,750 |
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200,000 |
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Executive Officer |
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Kolja Rockov(3)
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2005 |
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159,848 |
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100,000 |
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$ |
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Executive Vice President |
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2004 |
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and Chief Financial Officer |
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Gerald W. Merriam(4)
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2005 |
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140,000 |
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50,000 |
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|
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$ |
8,400 |
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Executive Vice President |
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2004 |
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115,572 |
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50,000 |
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Engineering Operations |
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Roland P. Keddie
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2005 |
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130,000 |
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40,000 |
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$ |
7,200 |
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Senior Vice President |
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2004 |
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105,000 |
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50,000 |
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Secretary |
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Donald T. Robinson(5)
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2005 |
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70,833 |
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40,000 |
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34,021 |
(6) |
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$ |
2,817 |
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Chief Accounting Officer |
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2004 |
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| (1) |
Except as described, the value of perquisites and other personal
benefits did not exceed the lesser of either $50,000 or 10% of
the total annual salary and bonus reported for each named
executive officer. |
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| (2) |
Amounts shown reflect company matching contributions under the
Companys 401(k) Plan. |
| |
| (3) |
Mr. Rockov commenced employment with us in March 2005. |
| |
| (4) |
Effective April 7, 2006, Mr. Merriam resigned his
position with the Company. |
63
|
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| (5) |
Mr. Robinson commenced employment with us in April 2005. |
| |
| (6) |
Amount represents a reimbursement by the Company of relocation
costs and expenses. |
Employment Agreements;
Change-of-Control
Arrangements
We have entered into an employment agreement with Michael C.
Linn, our President and Chief Executive Officer, effective upon
the closing of our initial public offering on January 19,
2006. Mr. Linns employment agreement provides for an
annual base salary of $1.00 for the first 12 months and
$250,000 thereafter subject to annual increase.
Mr. Linns employment agreement also provides for
incentive compensation payable at the discretion of our Board of
Directors. In addition, under his employment agreement,
Mr. Linn received, upon completion of our initial public
offering, an option to purchase 111,250 units at an
exercise price of $21.00 per unit and a one-time cash bonus
in the amount of $500,000. Mr. Linn will also receive, if
he remains employed by us at such time, a grant of
625,781 units on the first anniversary of the completion of
our initial public offering.
The unit grant will be fully vested upon issuance. The unit
option award vests in equal annual installments over three years
and will vest in full upon a change of control or a termination
without cause, with good reason or upon Mr. Linns
death or disability.
The employment agreement also provides for piggyback
registration rights with respect to the units to be issued
pursuant to the unit option and unit grant following the earlier
to occur of 18 months after our initial public offering or
the date on which Quantum Energy Partners holds less than 50% of
the units it owned immediately following our initial public
offering.
In the event of termination by us other than for cause or
termination by Mr. Linn for good reason, his employment
agreement provides for severance payments in 24 monthly
installments at an annual base salary of $250,000 if his
employment is terminated in the first 12 months and at his
highest base salary in effect at any time during the
36 months prior to the date of termination if terminated
thereafter. If, within one year of a change of control, we
terminate his employment other than for cause or Mr. Linn
terminates his employment for good reason, he will be entitled
to receive a lump-sum payment equal to $750,000. The employment
agreement prohibits Mr. Linn from soliciting any of our
employees or customers as well as from competing with us for a
period of two years. The non-compete provision will not be
applicable if we terminate Mr. Linn within one year of a
change of control.
We entered into an employment agreement effective as of
September 15, 2005 with Kolja Rockov, our Executive Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Rockovs
employment agreement provides for an annual base salary of
$200,000 subject to annual increase, plus a guaranteed cash
bonus of not less than $100,000 for the fiscal year ending
December 31, 2005, and incentive compensation payable at
the discretion of our Board of Directors for the remainder of
the term of employment. In addition, under his employment
agreement, Mr. Rockov received, upon completion of our
initial public offering, a grant of an aggregate
343,364 units and restricted units and an option to
purchase 111,250 units at an exercise price of
$21.00 per unit. Mr. Rockov also received a one-time
cash bonus in the amount of $1.5 million.
The restricted unit award vests in equal installments over two
years and the unit option award vests in equal annual
installments over three years. The restricted unit and the unit
option award will vest in full upon a change of control or a
termination without cause, with good reason or upon
Mr. Rockovs death or disability.
The employment agreement also provides for piggyback
registration rights with respect to the units to be issued
pursuant to the unit option, unit grant and the restricted unit
awards following the earlier to occur of 18 months after
our initial public offering or the date on which Quantum Energy
Partners holds less than 50% of the units it owned immediately
following our initial public offering.
In the event of termination by us other than for cause or
termination by Mr. Rockov for good reason, his employment
agreement provides for severance payments in 24 monthly
installments at his highest base salary in effect at any time
during the 36 months prior to the date of termination. If,
within one year of a change of control, we terminate
Mr. Rockovs employment other than for cause or he
terminates his employment for good reason, he will be entitled
to receive a lump-sum payment equal to 36 months of his
highest annual base salary during the
64
prior 36 months. The employment agreement prohibits
Mr. Rockov from soliciting any of our employees or
customers as well as from competing with us for a period of two
years. The non-compete provision will not be applicable if we
terminate Mr. Rockov within one year of a change of control.
On April 13, 2006 Linn Operating, Inc. (Linn
Operating), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Linn Energy, LLC,
and Linn Energy, LLC entered into an employment agreement,
effective as of April 3, 2006 (the Employment
Agreement) with Thomas A. Lopus, providing for the
employment by Linn Operating of Mr. Lopus as Senior Vice
President Operations. The Employment Agreement
provides for an annual base salary of $175,000 subject to annual
increase. The Employment Agreement also provides for a
guaranteed bonus in 2006 of not less than $125,000
(Guaranteed Bonus) and thereafter, incentive
compensation payable at the discretion of the Companys
board of directors. In addition, under the Employment Agreement
Mr. Lopus is entitled to receive:
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an option to purchase 50,000 units at an exercise price of
$19.74 per unit subject to a service based three-year vesting
schedule (the |
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a second option to purchase 25,000 units at an exercise price of
$19.74 per unit subject to a specified service requirement and a
performance based |
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a grant of 20,000 restricted units subject to a specified
service requirement |
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| and a performance based vesting schedule. |
|
The Service Based Option will vest in equal annual installments
over three years and will vest in full upon a change of control
or a termination without cause, with good reason or upon
Mr. Lopus death or disability.
The performance based unit option award and restricted unit
grant (the Performance Awards) vest upon the later
of the date the performance goal for each tier is achieved, and
the date of the required service period for each tier set forth
in the third column of the following schedule:
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| Tier |
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Performance Goal | |
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Service Period | |
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Companys annualized | |
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distribution rate is at least: | |
|
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Tier A
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$ |
1.92 per unit |
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March 31, 2007 |
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Tier B
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$ |
2.30 per unit |
|
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|
March 31, 2008 |
|
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Tier C
|
|
$ |
2.76 per unit |
|
|
|
March 31, 2009 |
|
In the event the performance goal applicable to a particular
tier is not met on or before December 31, 2009, that tier shall
be forfeited as of December 31, 2009. Upon a change of
control or a termination without cause, with good reason or upon
Mr. Lopus death or disability the Performance Awards
vest to the extent that the applicable performance goals set
have been met with respect to each tier on or before the date of
termination.
In the event of termination by Linn Operating other than for
cause or termination by Mr. Lopus for good reason, the
Employment Agreement provides for severance payments, if prior
to the April 3, 2007, in 12 monthly installments and,
if after April 3, 2007, in 24 monthly installments in
an amount equal to one-twelfth (1/12th) of his highest Base
Salary in effect at any time during the 36 months prior to
the date of termination (Highest Base Salary). In
the event of termination by Linn Operating other than for cause
or termination by Mr. Lopus for good reason, on or prior to
December 31, 2006 he will be entitled to a cash payment
equal to his pro-rata Guaranteed Bonus. If, within one year of a
change of control, we terminate his employment other than for
cause or Mr. Lopus terminates his employment for good reason, he
will be entitled to receive a lump-sum payment equal to, his
Highest Base Salary if prior to April 3, 2007, two times
his Highest Base Salary if on or after April 3, 2007 and
the Companys annualized distribution rate at the time of
the change of control is at least $2.30 per unit, three times
his Highest Base Salary if on or after April 3, 2008 and
before December 31, 2009 and the Companys annualized
distribution rate at the time of the change of control is at
least $2.76 per unit or up to three times his Highest Base
Salary if on or after December 31, 2009 depending upon
whether or not the foregoing specified annual distribution rates
were achieved by the Company in the specified time periods set
forth above.
65
The Employment Agreement prohibits Mr. Lopus from
soliciting any of our employees or customers as well as from
competing with us for a period of two years. The non-compete
provision will not be applicable if we terminate Mr. Lopus
within one year of a change of control.
Effective April 14, 2006 (following the expiration of a
seven-day revocation period), Linn Operating, Inc., Linn Energy,
LLC, Linn Energy Holdings, LLC, Penn West Pipeline, LLC and Mid
Atlantic Well Service, Inc. (collectively, the
Company) entered into a separation agreement and
general release (the Separation Agreement) with
Mr. Gerald Merriam, formerly our Executive Vice
President Engineering Operations. Under the terms of the
Separation Agreement Mr. Merriam received a severance
payment of $217,600 less all applicable withholdings.
Mr. Merriam has agreed to release the Company and its
predecessors, successors, affiliates, shareholders, unitholders,
directors, officers, employees and agents from all claims
arising from the beginning of time to the date of the Separation
Agreement, including but not limited to claims relating to
Mr. Merriams employment relationship with the
Company, termination of such relationship and his capacity as a
unitholder of the Company.
Additionally, Mr. Merriam has agreed to make himself available
to the Company from time to time for a period not to exceed one
year to provide consulting services to the Company at a rate of
$100 per hour.
|
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| Item 12. |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management and Related Unitholder Matters |
The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of our
units, as of May 8, 2006, by:
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each person known by us to beneficially own 5% or more of our
units; |
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each member of our Board of Directors; |
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each of our named executive officers; and |
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all directors and executive officers as a group. |
The amounts and percentage of units beneficially owned are
reported on the basis of regulations of the SEC governing the
determination of beneficial ownership of securities. Under the
rules of the SEC, a person is deemed to be a beneficial
owner of a security if that person has or shares
voting power, which includes the power to vote or to
direct the voting of such security, or investment
power, which includes the power to dispose of or to direct
the disposition of such security. A person is also deemed to be
a beneficial owner of any securities of which that person has a
right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days of
May 8, 2006. Under these rules, more than one person may be
deemed a beneficial owner of the same securities and a person
may be deemed a beneficial owner of securities as to which he
has no economic interest.
66
Except as indicated by footnote, the persons named in the table
below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all
units shown as beneficially owned by them, subject to community
property laws where applicable.
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|
Percentage | |
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|
Units | |
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of Units | |
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Beneficially | |
|
Beneficially | |
| Name of Beneficial Owner(1) |
|
Owned | |
|
Owned | |
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Quantum Energy Partners(2)
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10,144,585 |
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36.4 |
% |
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Michael C. Linn
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|
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3,662,122 |
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13.2 |
% |
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Kolja Rockov(3)
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343,764 |
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1.2 |
% |
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Gerald W. Merriam(4)
|
|
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475,622 |
|
|
|
1.7 |
% |
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Roland P. Keddie
|
|
|
475,622 |
|
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1.7 |
% |
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Donald T. Robinson
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|
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1,200 |
|
|
|
* |
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Toby R. Neugebauer(5)
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10,244,585 |
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36.8 |
% |
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George A. Alcorn(6)
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12,000 |
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* |
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Terrence S. Jacobs(6)
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12,000 |
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* |
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Jeffrey C. Swoveland(6)
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10,000 |
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* |
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All executive officers and directors as a group (10 persons)(7)
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14,781,793 |
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53.1 |
% |
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| (1) |
The address of each beneficial owner, unless otherwise noted, is
c/o Linn Energy, LLC, 650 Washington Road, 8th Floor,
Pittsburgh, PA 15228. |
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| (2) |
Based solely on information furnished in the Schedule 13D/
A (Amend. No. 1) filed by QEP,
QEM-LP and
QEM-LLC (each as
defined below) with the SEC on February 17, 2006. Quantum
Energy Partners owns its units through Quantum Energy
Partners II, LP (QEP). QEP is controlled by its
general partner, Quantum Energy Management II, LP
(QEM-LP),
which is controlled by its general partner, Quantum Energy
Management II, LLC
(QEM-LLC),
an affiliate of Quantum Energy Partners. QEP,
QEM-LP and
QEM-LLC can be
contacted at the following address: c/o Quantum Energy
Partners, 777 Walker Street, Suite 2530, Houston, Texas
77002. |
| |
| (3) |
Includes 228,909 restricted units that vest in equal
installments over a two-year period and 400 units as
custodian under certain UGMA accounts for immediate family
members as to which Mr. Rockov disclaims beneficial
ownership. |
| |
| (4) |
Mr. Merriam resigned from the Company in April 2006. |
| |
| (5) |
Includes 10,144,585 units beneficially owned by Quantum
Energy Partners and affiliated entities as described in
note (2) above. Mr. Neugebauer, a principal of Quantum
Energy Partners, could be deemed to beneficially own the units
held by Quantum Energy Partners II, LP. Mr. Neugebauer
disclaims beneficial ownership in the reported securities in
excess of his indirect pecuniary interest in the securities.
Mr. Neugebauer can be contacted at the following address:
777 Walker Street, Suite 2530, Houston, Texas 77002. |
| |
| (6) |
Includes 10,000 units receivable upon the exercise of a
unit option that is exercisable within 60 days of the date
of the table set forth above. |
| |
| (7) |
Includes 10,144,585 units beneficially owned by Quantum Energy
Partners and its affiliated entities which could be deemed to be
beneficially owned by our Chairman, Toby R. Neugebauer, a
principal of Quantum Energy Partners, as to which
Mr. Neugebauer disclaims beneficial ownership in excess of
his indirect pecuniary interest. Also includes an aggregate of
30,000 units receivable upon the exercise of options that
are held by certain of our directors and that are exercisable
within 60 days of the date of the table set forth above.
Excludes 475,622 units beneficially owned by
Mr. Merriam. |
67
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Our Long-Term Incentive Plan (the Plan) pursuant to
which we may issue equity compensation to our employees,
consultants and directors of Linn Energy, LLC and its affiliates
was adopted in connection with our initial public offering in
January 2006. As of December 31, 2005, no awards had been
made pursuant to the Plan. Below is a summary of certain terms
regarding the Plan.
Long-Term Incentive Plan
Immediately prior to the pricing of our initial public offering,
we adopted the Linn Energy, LLC Long-Term Incentive Plan for
employees, consultants and directors of Linn Energy, LLC and its
affiliates who perform services for us. For purposes of the
plan, our affiliates include Linn Operating, Inc. The long-term
incentive plan consists of unit grants, unit options, restricted
units, phantom units and unit appreciation rights. The long-term
incentive plan limits the number of units that may be delivered
pursuant to awards to 3.9 million units (which include the
awards to Michael C. Linn and Kolja Rockov under their
employment agreements pursuant to which 737,031 and
454,614 units may be delivered, respectively), provided
that no more than 500,000 of such units (as adjusted) may be
issued as restricted units. The plan is administered by the
compensation committee of our Board of Directors.
Our Board of Directors and the compensation committee of the
Board have the right to alter or amend the Plan or any part of
the Plan from time to time, including increasing the number of
units that may be granted, subject to unitholder approval as
required by the exchange upon which the units are listed at that
time. However, no change in any outstanding grant may be made
that would materially reduce the benefits to the participant
without the consent of the participant.
Unit Grants. A unit grant is a unit that vests
immediately upon issuance. In the future, the compensation
committee may make unit grants under the plan to employees and
members of our Board.
Unit Options. A unit option is a right to purchase a unit
at a specified price. In the future, the compensation committee
may make option grants under the plan to employees and members
of our Board containing such terms as the committee shall
determine. Unit options will have an exercise price that will
not be less than the fair market value of the units on the date
of grant. In general, unit options granted will become
exercisable over a period determined by the compensation
committee, although vesting may accelerate upon the achievement
of specified financial objectives. In addition, the unit options
will become exercisable upon a change in control of our company,
unless provided otherwise by the committee. If a grantees
employment, consulting relationship or membership on the Board
of Directors terminates for any reason, the grantees
unvested unit options will be automatically forfeited unless,
and to the extent, the option agreement or the compensation
committee provides otherwise.
Upon exercise of a unit option (or a unit appreciation right, as
defined below, settled in units), we will issue new units,
acquire units on the open market or directly from any person or
use any combination of the foregoing, in the compensation
committees discretion. If we issue new units upon exercise
of the unit options (or a unit appreciation right settled in
units), the total number of units outstanding will increase. The
availability of unit options and unit appreciation rights is
intended to furnish additional compensation to employees and
members of our Board of Directors and to align their economic
interests with those of unitholders.
Restricted Units. A restricted unit is a unit that vests
over a period of time and that during such time is subject to
forfeiture. In the future, the compensation committee may make
additional grants of restricted units under the plan to
employees, consultants and directors containing such terms as
the compensation committee shall determine. The compensation
committee will determine the period over which restricted units
(and distributions related to such units) will vest. The
committee may base its determination upon the achievement of
specified financial objectives. In addition, the restricted
units will vest upon a change of control of our company, as
defined in the plan, unless provided otherwise by the committee.
If a grantees employment, consulting relationship or
membership on the Board of Directors terminates for any reason,
the grantees restricted units will be automatically
forfeited unless, and to the extent, the compensation committee
or the terms of the award agreement provide otherwise. Units to
be delivered as
68
restricted units may be units issued by us, units acquired by us
in the open market, units already owned by us, units acquired by
us from any other person or any combination of the foregoing. If
we issue new units upon the grant of the restricted units, the
total number of units outstanding will increase.
We intend the restricted units under the plan to serve as a
means of incentive compensation for performance and not
primarily as an opportunity to participate in the equity
appreciation of our units. Therefore, plan participants will not
pay any consideration for the units they receive, and we will
receive no remuneration for the units.
Phantom Units. A phantom unit entitles the grantee to
receive a unit upon the vesting of the phantom unit or, in the
discretion of the compensation committee, cash equivalent to the
value of a unit. Initially, we do not expect to grant phantom
units under the long-term incentive plan. In the future, the
compensation committee may make grants of phantom units under
the plan to employees, consultants and directors containing such
terms as the compensation committee shall determine. The
compensation committee will determine the period over which
phantom units will vest. The committee may base its
determination upon the achievement of specified financial
objectives. In addition, the phantom units will vest upon a
change of control of our company, unless provided otherwise by
the committee.
If a grantees employment, consulting relationship or
membership on the Board of Directors terminates for any reason,
the grantees phantom units will be automatically forfeited
unless, and to the extent, the compensation committee or the
terms of the award agreement provide otherwise. Units to be
delivered upon the vesting of phantom units may be units issued
by us, units acquired by us in the open market, units already
owned by us, units acquired by us from any other person or any
combination of the foregoing. If we issue new units upon vesting
of the phantom units, the total number of units outstanding will
increase. The compensation committee, in its discretion, may
grant tandem distribution equivalent rights with respect to
phantom units that entitle the holder to receive cash equal to
any cash distributions made on units while the phantom units are
outstanding.
We intend the issuance of any units upon vesting of the phantom
units under the plan to serve as a means of incentive
compensation for performance and not primarily as an opportunity
to participate in the equity appreciation of our units.
Therefore, plan participants will not pay any consideration for
the units they receive, and we will receive no remuneration for
the units.
Unit Appreciation Rights. A unit appreciation right is an
award that, upon exercise, entitles the participant to receive
the excess of the fair market value of a unit on the exercise
date over the exercise price established for the unit
appreciation right. Such excess may be paid in units, cash or a
combination thereof, as determined by the compensation committee
in its discretion. Initially, we do not expect to grant unit
appreciation rights under our long-term incentive plan. In the
future, the compensation committee may make grants of unit
appreciation rights under the plan to employees, consultants and
directors containing such terms as the committee shall
determine. Unit appreciation rights will have an exercise price
that will not be less than the fair market value of the units on
the date of grant. In general, unit appreciation rights will
become exercisable over a period determined by the compensation
committee. In addition, the unit appreciation rights will become
exercisable upon a change in control of our company, unless
provided otherwise by the committee. If a grantees
employment, consulting relationship or membership on the Board
of Directors terminates for any reason, the grantees
unvested unit appreciation rights will be automatically
forfeited unless, and to the extent, the grant agreement or
compensation committee provides otherwise.
69
|
|
| Item 13. |
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions |
Stakeholders Agreement
Prior to filing our registration statement relating to our
initial public offering, we and all of the holders of
pre-initial public offering membership interests in us,
including Quantum Energy Partners, non-affiliated equity
investors and certain members of our management, entered into an
agreement relating to:
|
|
|
| |
|
the redemption and/or exchange, as applicable, of their
respective membership interests in us; |
| |
| |
|
certain corporate governance matters; and |
| |
| |
|
registration rights for the benefit of certain of our affiliates. |
We refer to this agreement as our Stakeholders
Agreement. The Stakeholders Agreement resulted from
arms-length negotiations among the parties, some of which
are our affiliates. Toby R. Neugebauer, our Chairman, is a
principal of Quantum Energy Partners.
Redemption and Equity Exchange. Pursuant to the terms of
the Stakeholders Agreement, at the closing of our initial
public offering, a portion of our pre-offering members
membership interests were redeemed for cash with proceeds from
the offering, and immediately following such redemption, the
remaining membership interests of all our pre-offering members
were exchanged for units. Each pre-offering member was allocated
cash and/or units based on a formula tied to the initial public
offering price of $21.00 per unit. In addition, in
connection with the exercise by the underwriters of their
overallotment option in our initial public offering, Quantum
Energy Partners and the pre-offering non-affiliated members of
our Company received cash in exchange for a portion of their
units held immediately following our initial public offering.
The following table sets forth the cash consideration and/or
units received by our pre-offering members pursuant to the
redemption transactions and equity exchange described above.
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Consideration | |
| |
|
Received in Redemption | |
| |
|
Transactions and | |
| Pre-Offering Member |
|
Equity Exchange | |
| |
|
| |
|
Quantum Energy Partners(1)
|
|
$ |
108.6 million cash |
|
| |
|
|
10,144,585 units |
|
|
Non-affiliated equity investors(1)
|
|
$ |
2.8 million cash |
|
| |
|
|
261,185 units |
|
|
Michael C. Linn
|
|
$ |
3.0 million cash |
|
| |
|
|
3,662,122 units |
|
|
Gerald W. Merriam
|
|
|
475,622 units |
|
|
Roland P. Keddie
|
|
|
475,622 units |
|
|
|
| (1) |
Amounts shown give effect to the redemption of a portion of such
members units with the proceeds received by the Company
pursuant to the exercise by the underwriters of their over
allotment option. |
Registration Rights. Pursuant to the Stakeholders
Agreement, Quantum Energy Partners has the right to require, for
the benefit of itself and certain non-affiliated equity
investors, the registration of the units acquired by them upon
consummation of our initial public offering. Subject to the
terms of the Stakeholders Agreement, Quantum Energy
Partners and/or certain of its permitted transferees are
entitled to make three such demands for registration. In
addition, Quantum Energy Partners, the non-affiliated equity
investors and/or their respective permitted transferees may
include any of their units in a registration by us of other
units, including units offered by us or any unitholder, subject
to customary exceptions.
Other
Effective December 1, 2005, Mr. Eric P. Linn was
appointed President of Mid Atlantic Well Service, Inc., a wholly
owned subsidiary of Linn Energy, LLC. Mr. Linns
annual base salary is $125,000 and he is provided
70
with use of a company vehicle. Mr. Linn is the brother of
our President and Chief Executive Officer, Michael C. Linn.
|
|
| Item 14. |
Principal Accountant Fees and Services |
We engaged our principal accountant, KPMG, LLP, in February 2005
in connection with our initial public offering. As part of this
engagement, during 2005 KPMG audited our financial statements
for the period from March 14, 2003 (inception) through
December 31, 2003 and for the year ended December 31,
2004. KPMG also performed audit services for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2005, as well as the restatement audits
for the period ended December 31, 2003, the year ended
December 31, 2004 and the nine months ended
September 30, 2004 and 2005. The amounts shown below in
Audit Fees relate to all periods mentioned above with the
exception of the audit related fees billed in connection with
the initial public offering which is listed seperately below.
Below is information concerning fees billed by our principal
accountant:
Audit Fees: The aggregate fees billed for financial
statement audit or services provided in connection with
statutory or regulatory filings were $1,187,822.
Audit-Related Fees: The aggregate audit-related fees
billed by KPMG, LLP were $553,900. Audit-related services
consisted of services related to the initial public offering.
Tax Fees: There were no fees billed by our principal
accountant relating to professional services for tax compliance,
advice or planning.
All Other Fees: There were no other fees billed by our
principal accountant for services other than those described
above.
Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Practices
Prior to our initial public offering in January 2006, each type
of audit service provided by Toothman Rice PLLC and KPMG, LLP
was approved on an individual basis by management in advance of
the rendering of such service. Following our initial public
offering, our audit committee must pre-approve any audit and
permissible non-audit services performed by our independent
registered public accounting firm. Additionally, the audit
committee has oversight responsibility to ensure the independent
registered public accounting firm is not engaged to perform
certain enumerated non-audit services, including but not limited
to bookkeeping, financial information system design and
implementation, appraisal or valuation services, internal audit
outsourcing services and legal services.
PART IV
|
|
| Item 15. |
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules |
(a)(1) and (2) Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements of Linn Energy, LLC are
listed on the Index to Financial Statements to this Annual
Report beginning on page F-1.
(a)(3)Exhibits
The following documents are filed as a part of this Annual
Report or incorporated by reference:
Exhibits not incorporated by reference to a prior filing are
designated by an asterisk (*) and are filed herewith; all
exhibits not so designated are incorporated herein by reference
to a prior filing as indicated.
71
EXHIBIT INDEX
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Exhibit Number |
|
|
|
Description |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
3 |
.1 |
|
|
|
Certificate of Formation of Linn Energy Holdings, LLC (now Linn
Energy, LLC) (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1
(File No. 333-125501) filed by Linn Energy, LLC on
June 30, 2005) (the Form S-1) |
| |
3 |
.2 |
|
|
|
Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Formation of Linn
Energy Holdings, LLC (now Linn Energy, LLC) (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Form S-1) |
| |
3 |
.3 |
|
|
|
Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement
of Linn Energy, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by
Linn Energy, LLC on January 19, 2006) |
| |
4 |
.1* |
|
|
|
Form of specimen unit certificate for the units of Linn Energy,
LLC |
| |
10 |
.1 |
|
|
|
Credit Agreement dated as of April 11, 2005, among Linn
Energy, LLC (f/k/a Linn Energy Holdings, LLC), the Lenders from
time to time party thereto, BNP Paribas, as administrative
agent, and Royal Bank of Canada, as syndication agent
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Form S-1) |
| |
10 |
.2 |
|
|
|
First Amendment and Consent to Credit Agreement dated as of
May 3, 2005, among Linn Energy, LLC (f/k/a Linn Energy
Holdings, LLC), the Guarantors signatory thereto, the Lenders
signatory thereto and BNP Paribas, as administrative agent
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the
Form S-1) |
| |
10 |
.3 |
|
|
|
Second Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of August 12,
2005, among Linn Energy, LLC, the Guarantors signatory thereto,
the Lenders signatory thereto and BNP Paribas, as administrative
agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to
Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on
Form S-1 filed by Linn Energy, LLC on September 19,
2005 (Amendment No. 1) |
| |
10 |
.4 |
|
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of August 24, 2005, among Linn
Energy, LLC, the Lenders signatory thereto and BNP Paribas, as
administrative agent (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 10.4 to Amendment No. 1) |
| |
10 |
.5 |
|
|
|
Third Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of October 27,
2005, among Linn Energy, LLC, the Guarantors signatory thereto,
the Lenders signatory thereto and BNP Paribas, as administrative
agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to
Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on
Form S-1 filed by Linn Energy, LLC on October 31, 2005
(Amendment No. 2)) |
| |
10 |
.6 |
|
|
|
Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of
December 19, 2005, among Linn Energy, LLC, the Guarantors
signatory thereto, the Lenders signatory thereto and BNP
Paribas, as administrative agent (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Amendment No. 5 to the
Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by Linn Energy,
LLC on January 3, 2006 (Amendment No. 5) |
| |
10 |
.7 |
|
|
|
Second Lien Senior Subordinated Term Loan Agreement dated as of
October 27, 2005, among Linn Energy, LLC, Royal Bank of
Canada, as administrative agent, Societe Generale, as
syndication agent, and the Lenders signatory thereto
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to
Amendment No. 2) |
| |
10 |
.8 |
|
|
|
First Amendment to Credit Agreement and Consent dated as of
November 22, 2005, among Linn Energy, LLC, Royal Bank of
Canada, as administrative agent, and the Lenders signatory
thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7
to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on
Form S-1 filed by Linn Energy, LLC on November 25,
2005 (Amendment No. 3)) |
| |
10 |
.9 |
|
|
|
Second Amendment to Credit Agreement and Consent dated as of
December 19, 2005, among Linn Energy, LLC, Royal Bank of
Canada, as administrative agent, and the Lenders signatory
thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.9
to Amendment No. 5) |
| |
10 |
.10 |
|
|
|
Intercreditor and Subordination Agreement dated as of
October 27, 2005, among Linn Energy, LLC, Royal Bank of
Canada, as subordinated administrative agent, and BNP Paribas,
as administrative agent for the senior revolving lenders
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to
Amendment No. 2) |
72
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Exhibit Number |
|
|
|
Description |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
10 |
.11 |
|
|
|
Form of Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of October 1,
2005, between Exploration Partners, LLC and others, as Seller,
and Linn Energy Holdings, LLC and others, as Purchaser
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to
Amendment No. 2) |
| |
10 |
.12 |
|
|
|
Form of Linn Energy, LLC Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Amendment
No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed
by Linn Energy, LLC on December 14, 2005 (Amendment
No. 4)) |
| |
10 |
.13 |
|
|
|
Form of Unit Option Agreement pursuant to the Linn Energy, LLC
Long-Term Inceptive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed
by Linn Energy, LLC on February 21, 2006) |
| |
10 |
.14 |
|
|
|
Stakeholders Agreement (incorporated herein by reference
to Exhibit 10.4 to Form S-1) |
| |
10 |
.15 |
|
|
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of
December 14, 2005 between Linn Operating, Inc. and Michael
C. Linn (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12
to Amendment No. 4) |
| |
10 |
.16 |
|
|
|
Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of
September 15, 2005 between Linn Operating, Inc. and Kolja
Rockov (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12
to Amendment No. 2) |
| |
10 |
.17 |
|
|
|
Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Compensation Arrangements
for Members of the Linn Energy, LLC Board of Directors
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Linn Energy, LLC on
February 21, 2006) |
| |
10 |
.18 |
|
|
|
Employment Agreement, dated effective as of April 3, 2006
between Linn Operating, Inc. and Thomas A. Lopus
(incorporation herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
current Report on Form 8-K filed by Linn Energy, LLC on
April 18, 2006 (the April 18, 2006
Form 8-K) |
| |
10 |
.19 |
|
|
|
Linn Energy, LLC Long-Term Incentive Plan Restricted Unit
Agreement, dated effective as of April 13, 2006 between
Linn Energy, LLC and Thomas A. Lopus (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the April 18, 2006
Form 8-K) |
| |
10 |
.20 |
|
|
|
Linn Energy, LLC Long-Term Incentive Plan Option Agreement,
dated effective as of April 13, 2006 between Linn Energy,
LLC and Thomas A. Lopus (incorporated herein by reference
to Exhibit 10.3 to the April 18, 2006 Form 8-K) |
| |
10 |
.21 |
|
|
|
Separation Agreement and General Release, dated effective as of
April 7, 2006 between Linn Energy, LLC and its subsidiaries
and Gerald Merriam (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 10.4 to the April 18, 2006 Form 8-K) |
| |
10 |
.22 |
|
|
|
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of April 7,
2006 among Linn Energy, as borrower, BNP Paribas, as
administration agent, Royal Bank of Canada and Societe Generale,
as Syndication agents, Bank of America, N.A. and America Bank,
as documentation agents, and lenders party thereto (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed by Linn Energy, LLC on April 13,
2006) |
| |
10 |
.23* |
|
|
|
First Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among
Linn Energy, LLC as Borrower, BNP Paribas, as
Administrative Agent, and the Lender signatory thereto,
effective as of May 5, 2006 |
| |
21 |
.1* |
|
|
|
List of subsidiaries of Linn Energy, LLC |
| |
23 |
.1* |
|
|
|
Consent of KPMG, LLP for Linn Energy, LLC |
| |
23 |
.2* |
|
|
|
Consent of Schlumberger Data and Consulting Services |
| |
31 |
.1* |
|
|
|
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Michael C. Linn,
President and Chief Executive Officer of Linn Energy, LLC |
| |
31 |
.2* |
|
|
|
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Kolja Rockov,
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Linn
Energy, LLC |
| |
32 |
.1* |
|
|
|
Section 1350 Certification of Michael C. Linn, President
and Chief Executive Officer of Linn Energy, LLC |
| |
32 |
.2* |
|
|
|
Section 1350 Certification of Kolja Rockov, Executive Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer of Linn Energy, LLC |
|
|
|
| |
|
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
73
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused
this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of
Pittsburgh, State of Pennsylvania, on the 31st day of May
2006.
|
|
| |
|
| |
Michael C. Linn |
| |
President and |
| |
Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Kolja Rockov |
| |
Executive Vice President and |
| |
Chief Financial Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, this Annual Report has been signed below on the dates
indicated by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant
and in the capacities indicated.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Signature |
|
Title |
|
Date |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
/s/ MICHAEL C. LINN
Michael
C. Linn |
|
President and
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer) |
|
May 31, 2006 |
| |
/s/ KOLJA ROCKOV
Kolja
Rockov |
|
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer) |
|
May 31, 2006 |
| |
/s/ DONALD T. ROBINSON
Donald
T. Robinson |
|
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer) |
|
May 31, 2006 |
| |
/s/ TOBY R. NEUGEBAUER
Toby R. Neugebauer |
|
Chairman |
|
May 31, 2006 |
| |
/s/ GEORGE A. ALCORN
George A. Alcorn |
|
Independent Director |
|
May 31, 2006 |
| |
/s/ TERRENCE S. JACOBS
Terrence S. Jacobs |
|
Independent Director |
|
May 31, 2006 |
| |
/s/ JEFFREY C.
SWOVELAND
Jeffrey C. Swoveland |
|
Independent Director |
|
May 31, 2006 |
74
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Page | |
| |
|
| |
|
Linn Energy, LLC and Subsidiaries
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-2 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-3 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-5 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-6 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-7 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-8 |
|
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Members
Linn Energy, LLC and Subsidiaries:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of
Linn Energy, LLC and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004
and 2005 and the related consolidated statements of operations,
members capital (deficit) and cash flows for the
period from March 14, 2003 (inception) to
December 31, 2003 and for the years ended December 31,
2004 and 2005. These consolidated financial statements are the
responsibility of the Companys management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated
financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred
to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of Linn Energy, LLC and subsidiaries as of
December 31, 2004 and 2005, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for the period ended
December 31, 2003 and the years ended December 31,
2004 and 2005, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles.
As discussed in Note (20) to the consolidated financial
statements, the Company restated its 2003 and 2004 consolidated
financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
May 31, 2006
F-2
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
As of December 31, | |
| |
|
| |
| |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Assets |
|
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
2,188,244 |
|
|
$ |
11,041,346 |
|
| |
Receivables:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Natural gas and oil, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of
$50,000 in 2004 and $100,000 in 2005
|
|
|
5,462,775 |
|
|
|
17,103,422 |
|
| |
|
Other
|
|
|
82,539 |
|
|
|
650,168 |
|
| |
Fair value of interest rate swaps (note 3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
201,938 |
|
| |
Inventory
|
|
|
109,985 |
|
|
|
67,513 |
|
| |
Current portion of natural gas derivatives (note 8)
|
|
|
142,960 |
|
|
|
1,601,495 |
|
| |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
93,782 |
|
|
|
4,067,309 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
8,080,285 |
|
|
|
34,733,191 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural gas and oil properties (successful efforts accounting
method) (note 13):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Natural gas and oil properties and related equipment
|
|
|
97,772,698 |
|
|
|
243,985,544 |
|
| |
Pipelines
|
|
|
1,536,878 |
|
|
|
5,579,920 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
99,309,576 |
|
|
|
249,565,464 |
|
| |
Less accumulated depreciation, depletion, and amortization
|
|
|
3,928,802 |
|
|
|
10,707,358 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
95,380,774 |
|
|
|
238,858,106 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property, plant, and equipment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Land
|
|
|
47,500 |
|
|
|
202,500 |
|
| |
Buildings and leasehold improvements
|
|
|
468,600 |
|
|
|
607,776 |
|
| |
Vehicles
|
|
|
689,892 |
|
|
|
1,317,362 |
|
| |
Furniture and equipment
|
|
|
342,487 |
|
|
|
888,194 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
1,548,479 |
|
|
|
3,015,832 |
|
| |
Less accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
161,724 |
|
|
|
490,717 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
1,386,755 |
|
|
|
2,525,115 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Prepaid drilling costs
|
|
|
362,095 |
|
|
|
434,801 |
|
| |
Equity investment
|
|
|
69,685 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Long-term portion of natural gas derivatives (note 8)
|
|
|
34,562 |
|
|
|
2,794,796 |
|
| |
Operating bonds
|
|
|
110,699 |
|
|
|
197,867 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
577,041 |
|
|
|
3,427,464 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$ |
105,424,855 |
|
|
$ |
279,543,876 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
As of December 31, | |
| |
|
| |
| |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 Pro Forma | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited) | |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
(Note 18) | |
|
Liabilities and Members Capital (Deficit) |
|
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Current portion of long-term notes payable (note 10)
|
|
$ |
58,113 |
|
|
$ |
112,904 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Subordinated term loan (note 3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
59,501,375 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Current portion of interest rate swaps (note 3)
|
|
|
38,933 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
3,132,286 |
|
|
|
5,571,637 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Current portion of natural gas derivatives (note 8)
|
|
|
3,599,904 |
|
|
|
12,093,937 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Revenue distribution
|
|
|
2,493,145 |
|
|
|
6,081,978 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Accrued interest payable (note 3)
|
|
|
411,245 |
|
|
|
1,447,721 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gas purchases payable
|
|
|
481,993 |
|
|
|
1,207,710 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Other current liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40,552 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
10,215,619 |
|
|
|
86,057,814 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Long-term portion of notes payable (note 10)
|
|
|
539,867 |
|
|
|
694,815 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Credit facility (note 3)
|
|
|
72,210,107 |
|
|
|
206,118,790 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Long-term portion of interest rate swaps (note 3)
|
|
|
1,408,629 |
|
|
|
662,916 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Asset retirement obligation (note 11)
|
|
|
3,856,584 |
|
|
|
5,442,612 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Long-term portion of natural gas derivatives (note 8)
|
|
|
7,674,117 |
|
|
|
27,139,353 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Other long-term liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
258,480 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total long-term liabilities
|
|
|
85,689,304 |
|
|
|
240,316,966 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
95,904,923 |
|
|
|
326,374,780 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members capital (deficit):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Members capital
|
|
|
16,023,743 |
|
|
|
16,023,743 |
|
|
$ |
140,023,743 |
|
| |
Accumulated loss
|
|
|
(6,503,811 |
) |
|
|
(62,854,647 |
) |
|
|
(64,854,647 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
9,519,932 |
|
|
|
(46,830,904 |
) |
|
$ |
75,169,096 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total liabilities and members capital (deficit)
|
|
$ |
105,424,855 |
|
|
$ |
279,543,876 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE PERIOD
FROM MARCH 14, 2003 (INCEPTION) TO
DECEMBER 31, 2003
AND YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
March 14, | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
(inception) to | |
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
| |
|
December 31, | |
|
| |
| |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Natural gas and oil sales
|
|
$ |
2,379,301 |
|
|
$ |
19,502,114 |
|
|
$ |
44,644,593 |
|
| |
Realized gain (loss) on natural gas derivatives (note 8)
|
|
|
162,890 |
|
|
|
(2,239,506 |
) |
|
|
(51,417,870 |
) |
| |
Unrealized (loss) on natural gas derivatives (note 8)
|
|
|
(1,599,854 |
) |
|
|
(8,764,855 |
) |
|
|
(24,775,625 |
) |
| |
Natural gas marketing revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
520,340 |
|
|
|
4,722,587 |
|
| |
Other revenue
|
|
|
3,778 |
|
|
|
160,131 |
|
|
|
345,449 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
946,115 |
|
|
|
9,178,224 |
|
|
|
(26,480,866 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Operating expenses
|
|
|
798,236 |
|
|
|
4,756,071 |
|
|
|
7,356,134 |
|
| |
Natural gas marketing expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
481,993 |
|
|
|
4,400,845 |
|
| |
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
782,849 |
|
|
|
1,487,964 |
|
|
|
3,331,924 |
|
| |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
|
|
|
562,446 |
|
|
|
3,656,332 |
|
|
|
7,293,832 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
2,143,531 |
|
|
|
10,382,360 |
|
|
|
22,382,735 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
(1,197,416 |
) |
|
|
(1,204,136 |
) |
|
|
(48,863,601 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income and (expenses):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Interest income
|
|
|
34,139 |
|
|
|
7,379 |
|
|
|
47,157 |
|
| |
Interest and financing expense (note 3)
|
|
|
(516,883 |
) |
|
|
(3,530,360 |
) |
|
|
(7,039,556 |
) |
| |
Loss from equity investment
|
|
|
(2,929 |
) |
|
|
(56,126 |
) |
|
|
(16,714 |
) |
| |
Write-off of deferred financing fees (note 3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(364,166 |
) |
| |
(Loss) on sale of assets
|
|
|
(4,916 |
) |
|
|
(32,563 |
) |
|
|
(39,492 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
(490,589 |
) |
|
|
(3,611,670 |
) |
|
|
(7,412,771 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before income taxes
|
|
|
(1,688,005 |
) |
|
|
(4,815,806 |
) |
|
|
(56,276,372 |
) |
| |
Income tax (provision) (note 4)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(74,464 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Net (loss)
|
|
$ |
(1,688,005 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,815,806 |
) |
|
$ |
(56,350,836 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma (loss) per unit (unaudited) (note 18)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pro forma (loss) per unit
|
|
$ |
(0.06 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.17 |
) |
|
$ |
(2.03 |
) |
| |
Pro forma units outstanding
|
|
|
27,812,500 |
|
|
|
27,812,500 |
|
|
|
27,812,500 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF MEMBERS CAPITAL (DEFICIT)
FOR THE PERIOD
FROM MARCH 14, 2003 (INCEPTION) TO
DECEMBER 31, 2003
AND YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2005
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Members | |
|
Accumulated | |
|
Total Members | |
| |
|
Capital | |
|
Loss | |
|
Capital (Deficit) | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Contributions
|
|
$ |
16,323,743 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
16,323,743 |
|
|
Return of capital (note 5)
|
|
|
(300,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(300,000 |
) |
|
Net loss for period from March 14, 2003 (inception) to
December 31, 2003 (restated)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,688,005 |
) |
|
|
(1,688,005 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2003 (restated)
|
|
|
16,023,743 |
|
|
|
(1,688,005 |
) |
|
|
14,335,738 |
|
|
Net loss for year ended December 31, 2004 (restated)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,815,806 |
) |
|
|
(4,815,806 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2004 (restated)
|
|
|
16,023,743 |
|
|
|
(6,503,811 |
) |
|
|
9,519,932 |
|
|
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(56,350,836 |
) |
|
|
(56,350,836 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2005
|
|
$ |
16,023,743 |
|
|
$ |
(62,854,647 |
) |
|
$ |
(46,830,904 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE PERIOD FROM MARCH 14, 2003
(INCEPTION) TO
DECEMBER 31, 2003 AND YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004
AND 2005
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
March 14, | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
(inception) to | |
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
| |
|
December 31, | |
|
| |
| |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
(Restated) | |
|
(Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Cash flow from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net (loss)
|
|
$ |
(1,688,005 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,815,806 |
) |
|
$ |
(56,350,836 |
) |
| |
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) to net cash provided by
(used in) operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
|
|
|
562,446 |
|
|
|
3,656,332 |
|
|
|
7,293,832 |
|
| |
|
Amortization of deferred financing fees
|
|
|
20,454 |
|
|
|
123,403 |
|
|
|
455,165 |
|
| |
|
Write-off of deferred financing fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
364,166 |
|
| |
|
Loss on sale of assets
|
|
|
4,916 |
|
|
|
32,563 |
|
|
|
39,492 |
|
| |
|
Loss from equity investment
|
|
|
2,929 |
|
|
|
56,126 |
|
|
|
16,714 |
|
| |
|
Accretion of asset retirement obligation
|
|
|
14,683 |
|
|
|
73,501 |
|
|
|
172,426 |
|
| |
|
Unrealized loss on natural gas derivatives
|
|
|
1,599,854 |
|
|
|
8,764,855 |
|
|
|
24,775,625 |
|
| |
|
Unrealized loss (gain) on interest rate swaps
|
|
|
188,928 |
|
|
|
1,258,634 |
|
|
|
(986,584 |
) |
| |
|
Changes in assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
(Increase) in accounts receivable
|
|
|
(1,780,602 |
) |
|
|
(3,724,712 |
) |
|
|
(12,208,276 |
) |
| |
|
|
(Increase) decrease in inventory
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(179 |
) |
|
|
42,472 |
|
| |
|
|
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets
|
|
|
(98,972 |
) |
|
|
5,190 |
|
|
|
(441,619 |
) |
| |
|
|
Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
257,698 |
|
|
|
1,562,839 |
|
|
|
2,670,232 |
|
| |
|
|
(Decrease) increase in natural gas derivatives
|
|
|
(27,700 |
) |
|
|
759,490 |
|
|
|
(1,035,125 |
) |
| |
|
|
Increase in revenue distribution
|
|
|
583,794 |
|
|
|
1,909,351 |
|
|
|
3,588,833 |
|
| |
|
|
Increase in asset retirement obligation
|
|
|
2,299 |
|
|
|
18,754 |
|
|
|
24,439 |
|
| |
|
|
Increase in accrued interest payable
|
|
|
222,594 |
|
|
|
188,651 |
|
|
|
1,036,476 |
|
| |
|
|
Increase in other liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
299,032 |
|
| |
|
|
Increase in gas purchases payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
481,993 |
|
|
|
725,717 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
|
|
|
(134,684 |
) |
|
|
10,350,985 |
|
|
|
(29,517,819 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Acquisition and development of natural gas and oil properties
|
|
|
(32,453,799 |
) |
|
|
(62,074,739 |
) |
|
|
(149,210,712 |
) |
| |
Purchases of property and equipment
|
|
|
(409,613 |
) |
|
|
(1,518,966 |
) |
|
|
(1,638,556 |
) |
| |
Proceeds from sale of assets
|
|
|
8,584 |
|
|
|
334,037 |
|
|
|
115,130 |
|
| |
(Increase) decrease in prepaid drilling cost
|
|
|
(2,300,643 |
) |
|
|
1,938,548 |
|
|
|
(72,706 |
) |
| |
Payments for operating bonds
|
|
|
(75,342 |
) |
|
|
(35,357 |
) |
|
|
(87,168 |
) |
| |
Purchase of equity investment
|
|
|
(113,242 |
) |
|
|
(15,498 |
) |
|
|
(3,625 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Net cash (used in) investing activities
|
|
|
(35,344,055 |
) |
|
|
(61,371,975 |
) |
|
|
(150,897,637 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Proceeds from notes payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
604,358 |
|
|
|
65,294,952 |
|
| |
Principal payments on notes payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6,378 |
) |
|
|
(5,085,213 |
) |
| |
Principal payment on credit facility
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(75,605,000 |
) |
| |
Proceeds from credit facility
|
|
|
41,800,000 |
|
|
|
30,805,000 |
|
|
|
210,000,000 |
|
| |
Deferred offering costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,531,908 |
) |
| |
Deferred financing fees
|
|
|
(302,500 |
) |
|
|
(236,250 |
) |
|
|
(1,804,273 |
) |
| |
Capital contributions by members
|
|
|
16,323,743 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Return on capital
|
|
|
(300,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
57,521,243 |
|
|
|
31,166,730 |
|
|
|
189,268,558 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash
|
|
|
22,042,504 |
|
|
|
(19,854,260 |
) |
|
|
8,853,102 |
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Beginning
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,042,504 |
|
|
|
2,188,244 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ending
|
|
$ |
22,042,504 |
|
|
$ |
2,188,244 |
|
|
$ |
11,041,346 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Cash payments for interest
|
|
$ |
84,907 |
|
|
$ |
1,959,672 |
|
|
$ |
6,509,501 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Cash paid for income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosures of noncash flow information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Increase in accounts payable related to acquisitions
|
|
$ |
407,839 |
|
|
$ |
903,910 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Increase in property acquisition payable
|
|
|
18,009,338 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Increase in inventory related to acquisitions
|
|
|
63,806 |
|
|
|
46,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Increase in natural gas and oil properties and related asset
retirement obligation due to acquisitions and new drilling
|
|
|
2,036,095 |
|
|
|
1,711,252 |
|
|
|
1,389,163 |
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-7
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
|
|
| (1) |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
|
|
| (a) |
Organization and Description of Business |
Linn Energy, LLC (Linn or the Company)
was organized as a limited liability company in April 2005 under
the laws of the State of Delaware. Linn owns 100% of Linn Energy
Holdings, LLC (Holdings), Linn Operating, Inc.
(Operating), Penn West Pipeline, LLC (Penn
West), and Mid Atlantic Well Service, Inc. (Mid
Atlantic). Holdings was formed on March 14, 2003 and
began its primary operations effective April 1, 2003. Its
wholly owned subsidiaries were Linn Operating, LLC and Penn
West. On April 6, 2005 Linn was formed as a holding company
and as a result Holdings became a wholly owned subsidiary of the
Company. The Company is an independent natural gas company
focused on the development and acquisition of natural gas
properties in the Appalachian Basin, primarily in West Virginia,
Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia.
|
|
| (b) |
Basis of Presentation |
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the
accounts of Linn and its wholly owned operating subsidiaries,
Holdings, Operating, Penn West and Mid Atlantic. All significant
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in
consolidation. The accompanying financial statements have been
prepared on the accrual basis of accounting whereby revenues are
recognized when earned, and expenses are recognized when
incurred. As used herein, the terms Linn Energy, LLC and the
Company refer to Linn Energy, LLC and its wholly owned
subsidiaries unless the context specifies otherwise.
For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company
considers all highly liquid debt instruments with original
maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
|
|
| (d) |
Trade Accounts Receivable |
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount
and do not bear interest. The Company routinely assesses the
financial strength of its customers and bad debts are recorded
based on an account-by-account review after all means of
collection have been exhausted and the potential recovery is
considered remote. The Company does not have any
off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.
Inventory of well equipment, parts, and supplies are valued at
cost, determined by the
first-in-first-out
method.
|
|
| (f) |
Natural Gas and Oil Properties |
The Company accounts for natural gas and oil properties by the
successful efforts method. Leasehold acquisition costs are
capitalized. If proved reserves are found on an undeveloped
property, leasehold cost is transferred to proved properties.
Under this method of accounting, costs relating to the
development of proved areas are capitalized when incurred.
Depreciation and depletion of producing natural gas and oil
properties is recorded based on units of production. Unit rates
are computed for unamortized drilling and development costs
using proved developed reserves and for unamortized leasehold
costs using all proved reserves. Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 19 requires
that acquisition costs of proved properties be amortized on the
basis of all proved reserves, developed and undeveloped and that
capitalized development costs (wells and related equipment and
facilities) be amortized on the basis of proved developed
reserves. As more fully described in note 15, proved
F-8
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
reserves are estimated by an independent petroleum engineer,
Schlumberger Data and Consulting Services, Inc., and are subject
to future revisions based on availability of additional
information. As described in note 11, the Company follows
SFAS No. 143. Under SFAS No. 143, estimated
asset retirement costs are recognized when the asset is placed
in service, and are amortized over proved developed reserves
using the units of production method. Asset retirement costs are
estimated by the Companys engineers using existing
regulatory requirements and anticipated future inflation rates.
Geological, geophysical, and dry hole costs on natural gas and
oil properties relating to unsuccessful wells are charged to
expense as incurred.
Upon sale or retirement of complete fields of depreciable or
depleted property, the book value thereof, less proceeds or
salvage value, is charged or credited to income. On sale or
retirement of an individual well the proceeds are credited to
accumulated depreciation and depletion.
Natural gas and oil properties are reviewed for impairment when
facts and circumstances indicate that their carrying value may
not be recoverable. The Company assesses impairment of
capitalized costs of proved natural gas and oil properties by
comparing net capitalized costs to estimated undiscounted future
net cash flows using expected prices. If net capitalized costs
exceed estimated undiscounted future net cash flows, the
measurement of impairment is based on estimated fair value,
which would consider estimated future discounted cash flows. No
impairments were recorded in 2003, 2004, or 2005.
Unproven properties that are individually insignificant are
amortized. Unproved properties that are individually significant
are assessed for impairment on a
property-by-property
basis. If considered impaired, costs are charged to expense when
such impairment is deemed to have occurred.
|
|
| (g) |
Natural Gas and Oil Reserve Quantities |
The Companys estimate of proved reserves is based on the
quantities of natural gas and oil that engineering and
geological analyses demonstrate, with reasonable certainty, to
be recoverable from established reservoirs in the future under
current operating and economic parameters. Schlumberger Data and
Consulting Services prepares a reserve and economic evaluation
of all the Companys properties on a well-by-well basis.
Reserves and their relation to estimated future net cash flows
impact the Companys depletion and impairment calculations.
As a result, adjustments to depletion and impairment are made
concurrently with changes to reserve estimates. The Company
prepares its reserve estimates, and the projected cash flows
derived from these reserve estimates, in accordance with SEC
guidelines. The independent engineering firm described above
adheres to the same guidelines when preparing their reserve
reports. The accuracy of the Companys reserve estimates is
a function of many factors including the following: the quality
and quantity of available data, the interpretation of that data,
the accuracy of various mandated economic assumptions, and the
judgments of the individuals preparing the estimates.
The Companys proved reserve estimates are a function of
many assumptions, all of which could deviate significantly from
actual results. As such, reserve estimates may materially vary
from the ultimate quantities of natural gas, natural gas liquids
and oil eventually recovered.
|
|
| (h) |
Property, Plant and Equipment |
Property, plant and equipment other than natural gas and oil
properties is carried at cost. Depreciation is provided
principally on the straight-line method over useful lives as
follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Buildings and leasehold improvements
|
|
|
7-39 years |
|
|
Furniture and equipment
|
|
|
3-7 years |
|
|
Vehicles
|
|
|
5 years |
|
F-9
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed
for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be
recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is
measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to
estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be
generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset
exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is
recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the
asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.
Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.
Major renewals and betterments are capitalized. Upon the sale or
other disposition of assets, the cost and related accumulated
depreciation, depletion, and amortization are removed from the
accounts, the proceeds applied thereto, and any resulting gain
or loss is reflected in income for the period.
Linn Energy, LLC, Holdings, and Penn West are limited liability
companies treated as partnerships for federal and state income
tax purposes with all income tax liabilities and/or benefits
being passed through to the members. As such, no federal or
state income taxes for these entities have been provided for in
the accompanying financial statements except as described below.
The Companys wholly owned subsidiaries, Operating (formed
on June 1, 2005) and Mid Atlantic (formed on
October 12, 2005), are Subchapter C-corporations subject to
corporate income taxes. Thus, it is necessary to provide for
federal and state income taxes related to Operating and Mid
Atlantic. Deferred income taxes are recorded under the asset and
liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are
computed for differences between the financial statement and
income tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in
taxable or deductible amounts in the future. A deferred tax
liability of $74,464 has been included in other long-term
liabilities as of December 31, 2005. Such deferred income
tax asset and liability computations are based on enacted tax
laws and rates applicable to periods in which the differences
are expected to affect taxable income. Income tax expense is the
tax payable or refundable for the period plus or minus the
change during the period in deferred income tax assets and
liabilities. The provision for income taxes in 2005 relates to
the operations of Operating and Mid Atlantic.
|
|
| (j) |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities |
The Company periodically uses derivative financial instruments
to achieve a more predictable cash flow from its natural gas
production by reducing its exposure to price fluctuations. As of
December 31, 2005, these transactions were in the form of
swaps and puts. Additionally, the Company uses derivative
financial instruments in the form of interest rate swaps to
mitigate its interest rate exposure. The Company accounts for
these activities pursuant to
SFAS No. 133 Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended. This
statement establishes accounting and reporting standards
requiring that derivative instruments (including certain
derivative instruments embedded in other contracts) be recorded
at fair value and included in the balance sheet as assets or
liabilities.
The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative
instrument depends on the intended use of the derivative and the
resulting designation, which is established at the inception of
a derivative. SFAS No. 133 requires that a company
formally document, at the inception of a hedge, the hedging
relationship and the entitys risk management objective and
strategy for undertaking the hedge, including identification of
the hedging instrument, the hedged item or transaction, the
nature of the risk being hedged, the method that will be used to
assess effectiveness and the method that will be used to measure
hedge ineffectiveness of derivative instruments that receive
hedge accounting treatment. None of the Companys commodity
or interest rate derivatives have been designated as hedges and
therefore the change in the fair value of the derivatives is
included in income.
F-10
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Management of the Company has made a number of estimates and
assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities
and revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent
assets and liabilities to prepare these financial statements in
conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The estimates that are particularly significant to the financial
statements include estimates of natural gas and oil reserves,
future cash flows from natural gas and oil properties,
depreciation, depletion and amortization, asset retirement
obligations and the fair value of derivatives.
Sales of natural gas and oil are recognized when natural gas has
been delivered to a custody transfer point, persuasive evidence
of a sales arrangement exists, the rights and responsibility of
ownership pass to the purchaser upon delivery, collection of
revenue from the sale is reasonably assured, and the sales price
is fixed or determinable. Natural gas is sold by the Company on
a monthly basis. Virtually all of the Companys
contracts pricing provisions are tied to a market index,
with certain adjustments based on, among other factors, whether
a well delivers to a gathering or transmission line, quality of
natural gas, and prevailing supply and demand conditions, so
that the price of the natural gas fluctuates to remain
competitive with other available natural gas supplies. As a
result, the Companys revenues from the sale of natural gas
will suffer if market prices decline and benefit if they
increase. The Company believes that the pricing provisions of
its natural gas contracts are customary in the industry.
Gas imbalances occur when the Company sells more or less than
its entitled ownership percentage of total gas production. Any
amount received in excess of the Companys share is treated
as a liability. If the Company receives less than its entitled
share, the underproduction is recorded as a receivable. The
Company did not have any significant gas imbalance positions at
December 31, 2004 or 2005.
Natural gas marketing is recorded on the gross accounting
method. Penn West, the Companys marketing subsidiary which
began operations effective November 1, 2004, purchases
natural gas from many small producers and bundles the natural
gas together to sell in larger amounts to purchasers of natural
gas for a price advantage. Penn West has latitude in
establishing price and discretion in supplier and purchaser
selection. Natural gas marketing revenues and expenses reflect
the full cost and revenue of those transactions because Penn
West takes title to the natural gas it purchases from the
various producers and bears the risks and enjoys the benefits of
that ownership. Penn West had natural gas marketing revenues of
$520,340 and $4,722,587 and natural gas marketing expenses of
$481,993 and $4,400,845 in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
The Company currently uses the Net-Back method of
accounting for transportation arrangements of its natural gas
sales. The Company sells natural gas at the wellhead and
collects a price and recognizes revenues based on the wellhead
sales price since transportation costs downstream of the
wellhead are incurred by its customers and reflected in the
wellhead price.
The Company is paid a monthly operating fee for each well it
operates for outside owners. The fee covers monthly operating
and accounting costs, insurance, and other recurring costs. As
the operating fee is a reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf
of third parties, the fee has been netted against general and
administrative expense. For the period March 13, 2003
(inception) through December 31, 2003 and the year ended
December 31, 2004 the restated operating fees netted
against general and administrative expense were $80,073 and
$598,160, respectively. For the year ended December 31,
2005, the operating fees netted against general and
administrative expenses were $1,196,146.
F-11
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
| (m) |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
The carrying values of the Companys receivables, payables
and debt are estimated to be substantially the same as their
fair values as of December 31, 2004 and 2005. Please read
notes 3 and 8 for discussion related to derivative
financial instruments.
|
|
| (n) |
Deferred Financing Fees |
The Company incurred legal and bank fees related to the issuance
of debt (note 3). The financing fees incurred for the
period from March 14, 2003 (inception) through
December 31, 2003 and the years ended December 31,
2004 and 2005 were $302,500, $236,250 and $1,804,273,
respectively. These debt issuance costs are amortized over the
life of the debt agreement. For the period from March 14,
2003 (inception) through December 31, 2003 and the
years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, amortization
expense of $20,454, $123,403 and $455,165, respectively, is
included in interest expense.
The operations of the Company are governed by the provisions of
a limited liability company agreement executed by and among its
members. The agreement includes specific provisions with respect
to the maintenance of the capital accounts of each of
Linns members. The total capital contributed by the
members as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 was $16,323,743,
of which Quantum Energy Partners share was $15,000,000.
Pursuant to applicable provisions of the Delaware Limited
Liability Company Act (the Delaware Act) and the
Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement
of Linn Energy, LLC (the Agreement), members have no
liability for the debts, obligations and liabilities of the
Company, except as expressly required in the Agreement or the
Delaware Act. Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement,
unitholders are entitled to vote on the following matters:
|
|
|
| |
|
the annual election of members of the Companys Board of
Directors; |
| |
| |
|
specified amendments to the Agreement; |
| |
| |
|
the merger of the Company or the sale of all or substantially
all of the Companys assets; and |
| |
| |
|
the dissolution of the Company. |
The Company will remain in existence unless and until dissolved
in accordance with the terms of the Agreement.
Revenue distribution on the consolidated balance sheet of
$2,493,145 and $6,081,978 represents amounts owed to working
interest and royalty interest owners as of December 31,
2004 and 2005, respectively.
|
|
| (q) |
Deferred Offering Costs |
Prepaid expenses include costs incurred in connection with the
Companys planned initial public offering
(IPO). The Company reclassified these deferred
offering costs to members capital upon receipt of the
proceeds from the IPO during the first quarter of 2006 (see
note 17). As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, prepaid
expenses included $0 and $3,531,908, respectively, in deferred
offering costs.
|
|
| (r) |
Stock Based Compensation |
The Company accounts for stock based compensation pursuant to
SFAS No. 123(R) Share-Based
Payment. SFAS No. 123(R) requires an entity to
recognize the grant-date fair-value of stock options and other
F-12
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
equity-based compensation issued to employees in the income
statement and eliminates the alternative to use the intrinsic
value method of accounting that was provided in
SFAS No. 123, which generally results in no
compensation expense recorded in the financial statements
related to the issuance of equity awards to employees. It
establishes fair value as the measurement objective in
accounting for share-based payment arrangements and requires all
companies to apply a fair-value-based measurement method in
accounting for generally all share-based payment transactions
with employees. On March 29, 2005, the SEC staff issued
Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB)
No. 107 Share-Based Payment, to express
the views of the staff regarding the interaction between
SFAS No. 123(R) and certain SEC rules and regulations
and to provide the staffs views regarding the valuation of
share-based payment arrangements for public companies. The
Company recorded no stock based compensation expense for the
period March 14, 2003 (inception) to December 31,
2003 or for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 as
there were no share-based payments made during the respective
periods. See note 17 regarding share-based payments granted
subsequent to December 31, 2005.
Certain 2003 and 2004 balances and disclosures have been
reclassified to conform to the 2005 presentation.
|
|
| (t) |
Recent Accounting Standards |
On March 30, 2005, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) issued FIN No. 47
Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations.
This interpretation clarifies that the term conditional
asset retirement obligation as used in
SFAS No. 143 refers to a legal obligation to perform
an asset retirement activity in which the timing and/or method
of settlement are conditional on a future event that may or may
not be within the control of the entity incurring the
obligation. The obligation to perform the asset retirement
activity is unconditional even though uncertainty exists about
the timing and/or method of settlement. Thus, the timing and/or
method of settlement may be conditional on a future event.
Accordingly, an entity is required to recognize a liability for
the fair value of a conditional asset retirement obligation if
the fair value of the liability can be reasonably estimated.
Uncertainty about the timing and/or method of settlement of a
conditional asset retirement obligation should be factored into
the measurement of the liability, rather than the timing of
recognition of the liability, when sufficient information
exists. FIN No. 47 was effective for the Company at
the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005. The
Company has evaluated and adopted FIN No. 47 which had
no impact on the Companys financial position or results of
operations.
On April 4, 2005, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position
(FSP) No. 19-1 Accounting for
Suspended Well Costs. This staff position amends
SFAS No. 19 Financial Accounting and
Reporting by Oil and Gas Producing Companies and provides
guidance about exploratory well costs to companies which use the
successful efforts method of accounting. The position states
that exploratory well costs should continue to be capitalized
if: 1) a sufficient quantity of reserves are discovered in
the well to justify its completion as a producing well and
2) sufficient progress is made in assessing the reserves
and the wells economic and operating feasibility. If the
exploratory well costs do not meet both of these criteria, these
costs should be expensed, net of any salvage value. Additional
annual disclosures are required to provide information about
managements evaluation of capitalized exploratory well
costs. In addition, the FSP requires annual disclosure of:
1) net changes from period to period of capitalized
exploratory well costs for wells that are pending the
determination of proved reserves, 2) the amount of
exploratory well costs that have been capitalized for a period
greater than one year after the completion of drilling and
3) an aging of exploratory well costs suspended for greater
than one year with the number of wells it related to. Further,
the disclosures should describe the activities undertaken to
evaluate the reserves and the projects, the information still
required to classify the associated reserves as proved and the
estimated timing for completing the evaluation. The Company
adopted the FSP in the third quarter of 2005 on a prospective
basis to existing and newly capitalized exploratory well costs.
The Companys application of this FSP did not have a
significant impact on the Companys financial position or
results of operations.
F-13
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, which replaces
Accounting Principles Bulletin (APB) Opinion
No. 20 Accounting Changes, and
SFAS No. 3 Reporting Accounting Changes
in Interim Financial Statements. SFAS No. 154
changes the requirements for the accounting and reporting of a
change in accounting principle. APB Opinion No. 20
previously required that most voluntary changes in an accounting
principle be recognized by including the cumulative effect of
the new accounting principle in net income of the period of the
change. SFAS No. 154 now requires retrospective
application of changes in an accounting principle to prior
period financial statements, unless it is impracticable to
determine either the period-specific effects or the cumulative
effect of the change. SFAS No. 154 is effective for
fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. The Company
does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 154 to have a
material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
|
|
| (u) |
As discussed in note 20, the Company restated its 2003,
2004 and nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2005
consolidated financial statements. |
The Company consummated the following acquisitions of natural
gas and oil properties during 2004 and 2005. The purchase prices
represent the total cash consideration plus the net liabilities
assumed. Results of operations for each acquisition are included
in the consolidated statements of operations as of the
acquisition dates noted below:
|
|
|
| |
|
On May 7, 2004, from Mountain V Oil and Gas, Inc.
(Mountain V), 251 producing wells, tangible wellhead
equipment, production facilities, and real estate in western
Pennsylvania, for a restated purchase price of
$12.5 million. |
| |
| |
|
On September 30, 2004, from Pentex Energy, Inc.
(Pentex), 447 producing wells, operating rights, oil
field equipment, vehicles, inventory, office equipment,
furniture and fixtures, and real estate in western Pennsylvania,
for a restated purchase price of $15.1 million. |
| |
| |
|
On April 27, 2005, from Columbia Natural Resources, LLC
(CNR), 38 producing wells, tangible wellhead
equipment and a gathering system in West Virginia and western
Virginia, for a purchase price of $4.4 million. |
| |
| |
|
On August 31, 2005, from GasSearch Corporation
(GasSearch), 130 producing wells and tangible
wellhead equipment in West Virginia, for a purchase price of
$5.4 million. |
| |
| |
|
On October 27, 2005, from Exploration Partners, LLC
(Exploration Partners), 550 producing wells, oil
field equipment and tangible wellhead equipment in West Virginia
and Virginia, for a purchase price of $111.4 million. |
The following table represents the fair values of the assets
acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the acquisitions:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exploration | |
| |
|
Mountain V | |
|
Pentex | |
|
CNR | |
|
GasSearch | |
|
Partners | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
(in thousands) | |
|
Natural gas and oil receivable
|
|
$ |
658 |
|
|
$ |
910 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
97 |
|
|
$ |
2,418 |
|
|
Natural gas and oil properties
|
|
|
12,225 |
|
|
|
14,373 |
|
|
|
4,396 |
|
|
|
5,422 |
|
|
|
111,081 |
|
|
Property, plant and equipment
|
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
503 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
307 |
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
265 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(903 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
(230 |
) |
|
Asset retirement obligation
|
|
|
(601 |
) |
|
|
(1,070 |
) |
|
|
(74 |
) |
|
|
(200 |
) |
|
|
(944 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash consideration
|
|
$ |
12,512 |
|
|
$ |
14,078 |
|
|
$ |
4,322 |
|
|
$ |
5,306 |
|
|
$ |
112,632 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-14
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following unaudited pro forma information presents the
financial information of the Company as if the acquisitions of
Mountain V, Pentex, CNR, GasSearch and Exploration Partners
had occurred on January 1, 2004.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
| |
|
| |
| |
|
2004 (Restated) | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
As Reported | |
|
Pro Forma | |
|
As Reported | |
|
Pro Forma | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
(In thousands) | |
|
(In thousands) | |
|
Natural gas and oil sales
|
|
$ |
19,502 |
|
|
$ |
35,900 |
|
|
$ |
44,645 |
|
|
$ |
59,533 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss)
|
|
$ |
(4,816 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,029 |
) |
|
$ |
(56,351 |
) |
|
$ |
(55,129 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On May 30, 2003, the Company entered into a
$75 million Senior Secured Credit Facility (the
Agreement), which allowed the Company to borrow up to the
determined amount of the borrowing base, which was based upon
the loan collateral value assigned to the various natural gas
and oil properties of the Company. A majority of Linns
producing natural gas and oil properties served as collateral.
The borrowing base was subject to semi-annual redetermination.
The Agreement was amended twice in 2003, increasing the
borrowing base to $42 million. In 2004, the borrowing base
was increased to $73 million.
Under the Agreement and as of December 31, 2004, the
Company had borrowed $72.6 million on the credit facility
and the applicable weighted average interest rate was 4.1%.
The Agreement required the Company to, among other things,
maintain a minimum working capital balance and achieve certain
earnings-related ratios, and limited the amount of indebtedness
and certain distributions. The working capital and
earnings-related ratios were calculated based on tax basis
financial statements. At December 31, 2004, the Company was
in compliance with the Agreements covenants.
On April 11, 2005, the Company entered into a
$200 million secured revolving credit agreement with a
group of banks including BNP Paribas and RBC Capital Markets.
The funds from the new credit facility were used to pay off the
balance outstanding on the old credit facility in place as of
December 31, 2004. The credit facility matures on
April 11, 2009. The Companys obligations under the
credit facility are secured by mortgages on its natural gas and
oil properties as well as a pledge of all ownership interests in
its operating subsidiaries. In October 2005, the aggregate
commitments available under the credit facility were increased
to $300 million. The amount available for borrowing at any
one time is limited to the borrowing base, which at
December 31, 2005 was $225 million. The outstanding
balance on the new credit facility accrues interest at a rate of
LIBOR plus an applicable margin of between 1.250% and 1.875% or
the prime rate plus an applicable margin between 0.000% to
0.375%. The applicable weighted average interest rate on the
outstanding balance as of December 31, 2005 was 6.110%.
Interest is payable quarterly and at the maturity date. The
credit facility also contains covenants requiring the Company to
maintain the following ratios:
|
|
|
| |
|
consolidated net income plus interest expense, income taxes,
depreciation, depletion, amortization and other similar charges,
minus all noncash income added to consolidated net income, and
giving pro forma effect to any acquisitions or capital
expenditures, to interest expense of not less than 2.5 to
1.0; and |
| |
| |
|
consolidated current assets, including the unused amount of the
total commitments, to consolidated current liabilities of not
less than 1.0 to 1.0, excluding non-cash assets and liabilities
under SFAS No. 133, which includes the current portion
of natural gas and interest rate swaps. |
As we identified the need to restate our financial statements,
we were unable to provide audited financial statements to the
lenders within 90 days after the end of our fiscal year.
Therefore, we obtained necessary waivers of certain covenants to
remain in compliance with the terms of the credit facility. The
waivers grant the Company 90 days to provide the required
financial statements to the lenders.
F-15
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
As a result of the credit facility, the Company wrote off
$364,166 of deferred financing cost related to the old credit
agreement which is reflected in the accompanying statement of
operations for 2005.
As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the credit facility
consisted of the following:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
| |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Outstanding balance
|
|
$ |
72,605,000 |
|
|
$ |
207,000,000 |
|
|
Less deferred financing fees, net of amortization of $143,857
and $160,124
|
|
|
(394,893 |
) |
|
|
(881,210 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
$ |
72,210,107 |
|
|
$ |
206,118,790 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued interest was $411,245 and $1,052,898 at
December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
See also note 17 regarding the subsequent amended and
restated credit agreement.
On October 27, 2005, the Company entered into a facility
for a $60 million second lien senior subordinated term loan
(the subordinated term loan) with Royal Bank of
Canada, Societe Generale and other lenders. The proceeds from
the subordinated term loan were used to pay for the acquisition
of existing natural gas wells and related equipment. The
subordinated term loan matures on April 30, 2006. The
balance is secured by mortgages on the Companys natural
gas and oil properties as well as a pledge of all ownership
interests in its operating subsidiaries. The balance was paid in
full in January 2006 with proceeds from our initial public
offering (see note 17). Borrowings on the subordinated term
loan bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Companys
election, either (i) the London interbank offered rate
(LIBOR) plus an applicable margin of 3.875% or
(ii) a domestic bank rate plus an applicable margin of
2.375%. The rate applicable to the debt was 8.169% percent as of
December 31, 2005. The Company amortized the deferred
financing costs on this subordinated term loan based upon the
effective interest rate method. Under this method the effective
interest rate was approximately 10.727% as of December 31,
2005. Covenants on the subordinated term loan are the same as on
the credit facility. As of December 31, 2005, the Company
was in compliance with all covenants of the subordinated term
loan.
As of December 31, 2005, the subordinated term loan
consisted of the following:
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
December 31, | |
| |
|
2005 | |
| |
|
| |
|
Outstanding balance
|
|
$ |
60,000,000 |
|
|
Less deferred financing fees, net of amortization of $249,312
|
|
|
(498,625 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
$ |
59,501,375 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Accrued interest was $394,823 at December 31, 2005.
In 2003, the Company entered into two interest rate swap
agreements with a financial institution to minimize the effect
of fluctuations in interest rates. Each agreement had a notional
amount of $30,000,000. The first agreement was effective and
matured in 2005 and the second agreement is effective in 2006
and matures in 2007. The Company was required to pay interest
quarterly at a rate of 3.17% and 4.33%, respectively. In 2005,
the Company received quarterly payments based on the three-month
LIBOR rate.
In 2004, the Company entered into two additional interest rate
swap agreements with the same financial institution. Each
agreement had a notional amount of $50,000,000. The agreements
are effective and mature in 2007 and 2008. The Company will pay
quarterly interest at a rate of 5.23% and 5.72%, respectively.
The Company will receive quarterly payments based on the
three-month LIBOR rate.
F-16
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Additionally in 2004, the Company entered into two interest rate
swap agreements with a financial institution to minimize the
effect of fluctuations in interest rates. Each agreement has a
notional amount of $20,000,000. The first interest rate swap
agreement was effective and matured in 2005 and the second
agreement is effective and matures in 2006, and the Company is
required to pay quarterly interest payments at a rate of 3.08%
and 4.42%, respectively. In 2005, the Company received quarterly
payments base on the three-month LIBOR rate.
In connection with the new credit facility, the Company
converted its initial four interest rate swap agreements to a
new third party financial institution. The terms of the four new
interest rate swap agreements are as follows:
|
|
|
| |
|
Agreement effective in April 2005 for $30 million. The
Company made quarterly interest payments during 2005 at a rate
of 3.24%. The agreement matures in January 2006. |
| |
| |
|
Agreement effective in January 2006 for $30 million. The
Company is required to make quarterly interest payments during
2006 at a rate of 4.4%. The agreement matures in January 2007. |
| |
| |
|
Agreement effective in January 2007 for $50 million. The
Company is required to make quarterly interest payments during
2007 at a rate of 5.3%. The agreement matures in December 2007. |
| |
| |
|
Agreement effective in January 2008 for $50 million. The
Company is required to make quarterly interest payments during
2008 at a rate of 5.79%. The agreement matures in December 2008. |
The Company receives quarterly interest payments at the three
month LIBOR rate.
As of December 31, 2004, the total fair value of the
interest rate swap agreements was a liability of $1,447,562. The
current portion of interest swaps was a liability of $38,933 and
is recorded as a separate account on the balance sheet. As of
December 31, 2005, the total fair value of the interest
rate swap agreements was a liability of $460,978. The current
portion of $201,938 is recorded as an asset on the balance
sheet. Unrealized (losses) gains due to the change in the fair
value of $(188,928) in 2003, $(1,258,634) in 2004 and $986,584
in 2005 are recorded in interest and financing expense in the
accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company
minimizes the credit risk in derivative instruments by entering
into transactions with high-quality counterparties. The interest
rate swaps were not designated as hedges and, accordingly, the
change in fair value was recorded in current period earnings.
The Company is treated as a partnership for federal and state
income tax purposes. As such, it is not a taxable entity and
does not directly pay federal and state income tax. Its taxable
income or loss, which may vary substantially from the net income
or net loss reported in the consolidated statements of income,
is includable in the federal and state income tax returns of
each member. Accordingly, no recognition has been given to
federal and state income taxes for the operations of the Company
except as described below. The aggregate difference in the basis
of net assets for financial and tax reporting purposes cannot be
readily determined as we do not have access to information about
each members tax attributes in the Company.
On June 1, 2005, Linn Operating, LLC was converted to a
Subchapter C-corporation. Additionally, on October 12,
2005, the Company incorporated Mid Atlantic Well Service, Inc.
Prior to June 1, 2005, the Company and its subsidiaries
were structured as limited liability companies treated as
partnerships or disregarded entities for federal income tax
purposes. The income tax provision attributable to the
Companys Subchapter
F-17
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
C-corporation
subsidiaries losses before income taxes consisted of the
following for the year ended December 31, 2005:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Current |
|
Deferred | |
|
Total | |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
2005:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. federal
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
56,712 |
|
|
$ |
56,712 |
|
|
State
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,752 |
|
|
|
17,752 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
74,464 |
|
|
$ |
74,464 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2005, Mid Atlantic Well Service, Inc.
had approximately $6,000 of net operating loss carryforwards for
federal income tax purposes, which expire in 2025.
Significant components of Operatings and Mid
Atlantics deferred tax assets and liabilities as of
December 31, 2005 were as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net operating loss carryforwards
|
|
$ |
2,579 |
|
| |
Charitable contribution carryforwards
|
|
|
24,034 |
|
| |
Allowance for doubtful accounts
|
|
|
40,270 |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
Total deferred tax assets
|
|
|
66,883 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Properties and equipment principally due to differences in
depreciation
|
|
|
141,347 |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
Total deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
141,347 |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
Net deferred tax liabilities
|
|
$ |
74,464 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Income tax expense differed from amounts computed by applying
the federal income tax rate of 34% to pre tax income as a result
of the following at December 31, 2005:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal, U.S. statutory rate
|
|
$ |
(19,134,748 |
) |
|
|
(34.00 |
)% |
|
State, net of federal tax benefit
|
|
|
11,716 |
|
|
|
0.02 |
% |
|
Loss from non-taxable entities
|
|
|
19,168,182 |
|
|
|
34.06 |
% |
|
Other items
|
|
|
29,314 |
|
|
|
0.05 |
% |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision for income taxes
|
|
$ |
74,464 |
|
|
|
0.13 |
% |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets,
management considers whether it is more likely than not that
some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be
realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is
dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during
the periods in which those temporary differences become
deductible. Based upon the level of historical taxable income
and projections for future taxable income over the periods in
which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management
believes it is more likely than not that the Company will
realize the benefits of these deductible differences. The amount
of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could
be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable
income during the carryforward period are reduced.
|
|
| (5) |
Related Party Transactions |
Under the terms of its limited liability company agreement, Linn
paid to Quantum, the majority member, a fee of 2.0% of each
capital contribution made to the Company by Quantum. Management
believes the 2% fee was fair value. The 2% fee was initially
negotiated on an arms-length basis among unrelated third
parties. Fees
F-18
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
paid during the period from March 14, 2003
(inception) through December 31, 2003 and the years
ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 were $300,000, $0 and $0,
respectively. The payments were recognized as a return of
capital on the consolidated statements of members capital.
On December 1, 2003, the Company entered into an assignment
and bill of sale with Linn Resources, LLC, a related party, for
the purchase of all of Linn Resources interests in
2 wells and related equipment. The purchase price for this
transaction was approximately $150,000. The purchase price was
determined based on the price paid for working interests from an
unrelated third party during 2003 and thus management believes
this transaction was conducted at fair value.
Mr. Eric P. Linn was appointed President of Mid Atlantic
Well Service, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Linn Energy,
LLC, effective December 1, 2005. Mr. Linns
annual base salary is $125,000 and he is provided with use of a
company vehicle. Mr. Linn is the brother of the
Companys President and Chief Executive Officer, Michael C.
Linn.
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| (6) |
Commitments and Contingencies |
The Company would be exposed to natural gas price fluctuations
on underlying sale contracts should the counterparties to the
Companys derivative instruments or the counterparties to
the Companys natural gas marketing contracts not perform.
Such nonperformance is not anticipated. There were no
counterparty default losses during the period from
March 14, 2003 (inception) through December 31,
2003 and the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005.
From time to time the Company is a party to various legal
proceedings in the ordinary course of business. The Company is
not currently a party to any litigation that it believes would
have a materially adverse effect on the Companys business,
financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.
The Company has executed employment agreements with certain
members of management. The agreements provide for annual
compensation levels subject to annual increases, incentive
compensation, options to purchase units and unrestricted units
upon completion of the initial public offering and restricted
units upon performance of specified service periods. The
following is a summary of options and unit grants made in 2006.
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Number of | |
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Exercise | |
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Vesting | |
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Number of | |
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Number of | |
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Service | |
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Options | |
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Price | |
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Period | |
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Unrestricted Units | |
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Restricted Units | |
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Period | |
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President & CEO
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111,250 |
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$ |
21.00 |
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3 years |
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625,781 |
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1 year |
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CFO
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111,250 |
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21.00 |
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3 years |
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114,455 |
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228,909 |
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2 years |
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SVP Operations
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75,000 |
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19.74 |
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3 years |
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20,000 |
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3 years |
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| (7) |
Business and Credit Concentrations |
The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts, which,
at times, may exceed federally insured amounts. The Company has
not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company
believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on its
cash.
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Revenue and Trade Receivables |
The Company has a concentration of customers who are engaged in
natural gas and oil production within the Appalachian region.
This concentration of customers may impact the Companys
overall exposure to credit risk, either positively or
negatively, in that the customers may be similarly affected by
changes in economic or other conditions. The Company performs
ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does
not require collateral.
F-19
LINN ENERGY, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Companys largest customers are natural gas producers
and suppliers located within the Appalachian region. For the
period from March 14, 2003 (inception) through
December 31, 2003, the Companys four largest
customers represented 25%, 17%, 14%, and 11% of the
Companys sales. The Companys four largest customers
represented approximately 33%, 19%, 16%, and 13% of the
Companys sales for the year ended December 31, 2004.
For the year ended December 31, 2005, the Companys
three largest customers represented approximately 48%, 14% and
10% of the Companys sales.
As of December 31, 2004, trade accounts receivable from our
four largest customers represented approximately 17%, 17%, 11%,
and 29% of the Companys receivables. Trade accounts
receivable for the two largest customers represented
approximately 70% and 13% of the Companys receivables as
of December 31, 2005.
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| (8) |
Natural Gas Derivatives |
The Company sells natural gas in the normal course of its
business and utilizes derivative instruments to minimize the
variability in forecasted cash flows due to price movements in
natural gas. The Company enters into derivative instruments such
as swap contracts and put options to hedge a portion of its
forecasted natural gas sales.
The natural gas derivatives are not designated as hedges and,
accordingly, the changes in fair value were recorded in current
period earnings: